I denna studie beskrivs skolsköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar, NPF. Studien belyser skolsköterskors betydelse för att identifiera särskilda behov hos elever med NPF vilket kan främja en hälsosam inlärningsmiljö för alla elever.

Studien genomfördes i södra Sverige i form av fokusgruppsintervjuer med skolsköterskor. Tre teman identifierades: att hjälpa elever med NPF att tolka sinnesintryck, att upptäcka tidiga tecken på ångest eller andra besvär bland elever med NPF, och att använda ett inkluderande förhållningssätt i sina hälsopedagogiska insatser.

Introduktion

Ungdomars hälsobesvär betraktas i dag som ett globalt folkhälsoproblem. Hälsobesvär kan vara både kroppsliga och psykiska, och kan komma till uttryck genom exempelvis ledsenhet, sömnsvårigheter och smärta. Eftersom hälsobesvär uttrycks på olika sätt kan de vara svåra att förstå och därigenom bemöta. Ledsenhet är en känsla som människor återkommande erfar under livet, men ledsenhet är också ett av symtomen vid depression. Forskning har hittills fokuserat på depression hos ungdomar, men ledsenhet är däremot inte lika utforskad, och inte heller relationen mellan ledsenhet och andra hälsobesvär.

Syfte

Syftet var att utforska ledsenhet och andra hälsobesvär hos ungdomar.

Metod

En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie baserad på enkätdata insamlade på gymnasieskolor i södra Sverige (n = 1489; 15–17 år) (svarsfrekvens 71,3 %).

Resultat

Ledsenhet var vanligt hos ungdomar. 21,8 % av ungdomarna uppgav att de upplevde ledsenhet ofta eller alltid (flickor: 17,9 %, pojkar: 26,7 %, annat kön: 28,0 %). Ledsenhet var relaterat till sömnsvårigheter, huvudvärk, koncentrationssvårigheter, spänningar och nedsatt aptit.

Diskussion

Ett sätt att tolka relationen mellan ledsenhet och andra hälsobesvär är att förstå ledsenhet som en förkroppsligad känsla. Med förkroppsligande menas att känslor tar sig kroppsliga uttryck, och ledsenhet kan på så vis manifesteras genom exempelvis huvudvärk och sömnsvårigheter. Olika sätt att förstå hur känslor uppkommer och yttrar sig leder till olika behandling och stöd. Det finns en risk att vardagliga känslouttryck betraktas som sjukliga och därför medicineras. Tidigare forskning har visat att flickors och pojkars känslouttryck tolkas och bemöts på olika sätt, och att grunden till deras besvär inte alltid kommer upp till ytan.

Slutsats

Som hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal är det viktigt att försöka förstå vad hälsobesvär är ett uttryck för, för att kunna erbjuda personcentrerat stöd som har positiv effekt på den ungas välbefinnande.

Artikeln i sin helhet

Garnow, T.; Einberg, E.-L.; Edberg, A.-K.; Garmy, P. Sadness and Other Health Complaints among Swedish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083999

(1) Background: Overweight and obesity in children have increased worldwide and tend to persist into adolescence and adulthood. The Child Health Service (CHS) has an important role in providing health-promotive interventions, and such interventions are required to be documented in a child’s health record. The aim of the study was to investigate Child Health Care (CHC) nurses’ documentation of weight-related, health-promotive interventions in the Child Health Care Record (CHCR) regarding lifestyle habits in connection to the four-year visit. (2) Methods: A record review of 485 CHCRs using a review template was accomplished. Of the included CHS units, four used electronic records and two used paper records. Chi-square tests and Spearman’s rank-order correlations were used to analyse data. (3) Results: The results showed that CHC nurses document interventions regarding lifestyle habits to a low extent, although children with overweight/obesity seemed to undergo more interventions. There was also a difference between electronic and paper records. (4) Conclusions: The consequences of not documenting the interventions in the CHCR make it difficult to follow up and demonstrate the quality of the CHC nurse’s work. There is a need for more research to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons that the work of CHC nurses is not visible in children’s health records.

Introduction

There is growing concern that adolescents’ mental health is deteriorating. Additionally, concepts of embodiment have gained increasing importance in research in recent decades. Since emotions are expressed in the body, it can be challenging to understand what adolescents’ health complaints stand for and how they can be responded to.Sadness is a common emotion that repeatedly occurs during life, but sadness is also one of the main symptoms of depression. A large body of previous research has examined depression among adolescents, but little is known about nonpathological sadness and the relationship between sadness and other health complaints.

Aim

The study aimed to investigate sadness and other health complaints among adolescents.

Methods

Swedish adolescents completed a survey with a cross-sectional design (n = 1489, 15–17 years old), and a logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sadness and other health complaints.

Results

Sadness was related to health complaints[headache (OR: 1.58), sleeping difficulties (OR: 2.00), reduced appetite (OR: 1.43), tension (OR: 2.44), and concentration difficulties (OR: 2.75)].

Conclusion

A possible interpretation of the relationship between sadness and other health complaints may be an embodiment of emotions. Different understandings of how emotions arise and are expressed lead to different treatments and care. By not considering embodied emotions, there is a risk of medicating a normal emotional state. Therefore, it is important to reflect on what adolescents’ health complaints are an expression of and take into account the body as physical and psychological intertwined. This might entail person-centered support that hopefully leads to an improvement in adolescents’ well-being.

Reference

Garnow, T.; Einberg, E.-L.; Edberg, A.-K.; Garmy, P. Sadness and Other Health Complaints among Swedish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1808999

Öppet digitalt seminarium om ”Stress, smärta och läkemedelsanvändning hos ungdomar”. Doktorand Tide Garnow presenterar en ny studie om ledsenhet och hälsobesvär hos ungdomar. Forskarna Pernilla Garmy och Eva-Lena Einberg presenterar tillsammans med magisterstudenter studier i forskningsprojektet "Stress, smärta och läkemedelsanvändning hos ungdomar”. Seminariet arrangeras av forskningsmiljön Cyphisco i samarbete med Forskningsplattformen Hälsa i Samverkan vid Högskolan Kristianstad.

Seminariet spelades in, se länk: https://hkrplay.hkr.se/media/t/0_sbig84lx

PURPOSE:

Improved survival rates of pediatric cancer have drawn attention on how to best facilitate long-term follow up and transition from pediatric to adult care. The transition process is multifactorial and necessitates the joint involvement of the patient, the family and the healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of support from healthcare services during the transition from adolescence to adulthood described by young adult survivors of pediatric cancer.

METHODS:

A mixed method with a convergent parallel design was used to evaluate the experiences of receiving support from healthcare services (eg pediatric oncology and pediatric clinic) during transition from adolescence to adulthood described by young adult survivors of pediatric cancer (n = 213) in a nation wide cross-sectional survey.

RESULTS:

A quantitative assessment of the experienced extent and satisfaction of support from healthcare services to handle physical, mental and social changes to continue life after the disease showed that a majority of the participants had received insufficient support. The qualitative analysis indicated a need for equal roles in healthcare to promote participation, a need to manage and process consequences of the disease, and a need for continuous support.

CONCLUSIONS:

During transition to adulthood, there's a need for a personalized care plan that takes a holistic approach towards supporting the young cancer survivor in managing life in the best way. Identifying and handling the individual needs of pediatric cancer survivors is important for providing the resources and support required to increase the likelihood of successful transition to adulthood.

BACKGROUND:

Health promotion for children with cancer should be based on the children's own needs and desires. Because there is a lack of knowledge in this area, the aim of this study was to explore what promotes health from the perspective of children with experience of cancer treatment.

METHODS:

Fifteen children between 8 and 12 years of age participated in focus groups with three children in each group. The children were given a camera and instructions to photograph subjects that promote their health. Focus group discussions were based on the photographs and the children's own description of those photographs. The analysis of focus group discussions and photographs was conducted using inductive content analysis.

RESULTS:

According to the children, health-promoting factors are defined as meaningful relationships, recreational activities and a trustful environment. Meaningful relationships include togetherness within the family, affection for pets and friendship with peers. Recreational activities include engagement in play and leisure, withdrawal for relaxation and feeling enjoyment. Trustful environment includes confidence in significant others and feeling safe.

CONCLUSIONS:

Knowledge from this study can contribute to health promotion interventions and quality improvements in the health care of children with experience of cancer treatment. Children's experiences with what promotes health in their everyday lives provide a better understanding of the type of support children prefer when promoting their own health.