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  • 51.
    Beery, Thomas
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Research environment Learning in Science and Mathematics (LISMA). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Magntorn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Research environment Learning in Science and Mathematics (LISMA). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education.
    Pre-service early childhood educator experience in a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve2021In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 13, no 8, p. 1-20, article id 4231Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There has been significant interest in the values and benefits of early childhood nature experiences on children’s well-being and development. One aspect of studying the exposure of children to nature that requires more focus is the role played by early childhood educators. In particular, there is a need for early childhood environmental education training for pre-service educators. This study will explore the use of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve as an outdoor classroom for early childhood environmental education pre-service professionals. Exploratory quantitative and qualitative descriptive data from a series of three short surveys (pre/post/delayed post) provide a basic overview of pre-service teacher perspectives, experiences, and outcomes of an environmental education intervention. The results indicate that the participating pre-service educators had little to no familiarity with the environmental concepts or the biosphere reserve site before participation in the intervention. The post-intervention and delayed post-intervention results show that pre-service educators perceived that their understanding of the concept had improved. The results also show a perception of the positive role that biosphere reserve sites can play in early childhood education. Three critical implications emerged from the overall quantitative and qualitative results: (1) specific support should be given for early childhood environmental education training; (2) biosphere reserve functions provide support for efforts to improve connections to nature; (3) early childhood education has the potential to support the broadening of the biosphere reserve audience. 

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  • 52.
    Beery, Thomas
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Research environment Learning in Science and Mathematics (LISMA). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Olsson, Matilda Rask
    Vitestam, Moa
    Covid-19 and outdoor recreation management: Increased participation, connection to nature, and a look to climate adaptation2021In: Journal of Outdoor Recreation, ISSN 2213-0780, E-ISSN 2213-0799, Vol. 36, p. 100457-100457, article id 100457Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Outdoor recreation management perspectives were investigated based on the general perception of increased public outdoor recreation participation during the Covid-19 pandemic and supported by survey research at local, regional, and national levels in Sweden. There is an interest in how outdoor recreation professionals perceived outdoor recreation by the public during the pandemic and whether professionals could identify specific implications from the Covid-19/outdoor recreation experience. Climate adaptation literature supports the idea that current global challenge coupled with projections for ongoing challenge requires a pro-active approach; this turn to climate adaptation for potential consideration or guidance is based on characteristics that the Covid-19 pandemic shares with climate change. Outdoor recreational professionals' review of a recent public survey and subsequent semi-structured interviews with this group were conducted to obtain outdoor recreation professionals' detailed perceptions on survey outcomes. Results show that the professionals confirm a rapid and significant increase in outdoor recreation participation. Further, professionals identified critical trends in the increase of new or inexperienced outdoor recreation participants. A positive and proactive list of implications emerged as themes of the interviews. A review and synthesis of the themes support the national goals for outdoor recreation in Sweden. Further, results indicate a current opportunity for outdoor recreation to address concerns for diminishing nature experience and support connectedness to nature. The connectedness to nature outcome further strengthens the comparison with climate adaptation strategy given the potential relationship between connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavior.

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  • 53.
    Bekoe, Samuel Oppong
    et al.
    Ghana.
    Orman, Emmanuel
    Ghana.
    Asare-Nkansah, Samuel
    Ghana.
    Sorensen, Anne Mette Lerbech
    Danmark.
    Björklund, Erland
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Adosraku, Reimmel Kwame
    Ghana.
    Hansen, Martin
    Danmark.
    Styrishave, Bjarne
    Danmark.
    Detection and quantification of antibiotic residues in urine samples of healthy individuals from rural and urban communities in Ghana using a validated SPE-LC-MS/MS method2020In: SN Applied Sciences, ISSN 2523-3963, E-ISSN 2523-3971, Vol. 2, no 11Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The role of unregulated and inappropriate dispensing, and use of antibiotics remains significant in the development of antimicrobial resistance in infectious disease endemic regions of developing countries. The exposure to antibiotics from unfamiliar and unsuspecting sources such as drinking water and food, and adulterated herbal medicines remains a cause for concern. A sensitive SPE-LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification and qualification of 12 antibiotics, including amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, metronidazole, ampicillin, cefuroxime, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, benzylpenicillin, and erythromycin, in the urine of healthy volunteers. The method was linear (r(2) > 0.98) within the concentration range 50-5000 ngmL(-1) for all the analytes. Instrument precision of 8-27% and 4-21% at 100 and 1000 ngmL(-1) levels were demonstrated. High mean recoveries between 71 and 125% with minimal variations were obtained for all compounds in the accuracy study. Limits of detection and quantification ranged between 70.3-271.0 ngmL(-1) and 213-821 ngmL(-1) respectively. The validated method successfully detected and quantified 9 of the 12 analytes, with the exception of clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, and benzylpenicillin. Most of the samples contained one analyte (52, 86.7%), with a handful containing two (7, 11.7%) and three analytes (1, 1.7%). Ciprofloxacin was the modal analyte detected (17, 24.6%), with amoxicillin and trimethoprim recording the average lowest (22.76 x 10(3) ngmL(-1)) and highest concentrations (255.47 x 10(3) ngmL(-1)) respectively. The developed method is a useful tool for non-invasive monitoring of consumption and the irrational use of antibiotics in microbial resistant-prone regions of the world.

  • 54.
    Beltrán-Pardo, Eliana
    et al.
    Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá.
    Jönsson, K. Ingemar
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Man and Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Wojcik, Andrzej
    Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University.
    Haghdoost, Siamak
    Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University.
    Harms-Ringdahl, Mats
    Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University.
    Bermúdez-Cruz, Rosa M.
    Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV, México D.F..
    Bernal Villegas, Jaime E.
    Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá.
    Effects of ionizing radiation on embryos of the tardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum at different stages of development2013In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 8, no 9, p. e72098-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Tardigrades represent one of the most desiccation and radiation tolerant animals on Earth, and several studies havedocumented their tolerance in the adult stage. Studies on tolerance during embryological stages are rare, but differentialeffects of desiccation and freezing on different developmental stages have been reported, as well as dose-dependent effectof gamma irradiation on tardigrade embryos. Here, we report a study evaluating the tolerance of eggs from theeutardigrade Milnesium cf. tardigradum to three doses of gamma radiation (50, 200 and 500 Gy) at the early, middle, andlate stage of development. We found that embryos of the middle and late developmental stages were tolerant to all doses,while eggs in the early developmental stage were tolerant only to a dose of 50 Gy, and showed a declining survival withhigher dose. We also observed a delay in development of irradiated eggs, suggesting that periods of DNA repair might havetaken place after irradiation induced damage. The delay was independent of dose for eggs irradiated in the middle and latestage, possibly indicating a fixed developmental schedule for repair after induced damage. These results show that thetolerance to radiation in tardigrade eggs changes in the course of their development. The mechanisms behind this patternare unknown, but may relate to changes in mitotic activities over the embryogenesis and/or to activation of responsemechanisms to damaged DNA in the course of development.

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  • 55.
    Bengtsson, Daniel
    et al.
    Linnaeus University.
    Avril, Alexis
    Linnaeus University.
    Gunnarsson, Gunnar
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Research environment Man and Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Elmberg, Johan
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Research environment Man and Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Söderquist, Pär
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Research environment Man and Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Norevik, Gabriel
    Ottenby Bird Observatory.
    Tolf, Conny
    Linnaeus University.
    Safi, Kamran
    Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
    Fiedler, Wolfgang
    Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
    Wikelski, Martin
    Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
    Olsen, Bjorn
    Uppsala University.
    Waldenstrom, Jonas
    Linnaeus University.
    Movements, home-range size and habitat selection of mallards during autumn migration2014In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 9, no 6, p. e100764-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is a focal species in game management, epidemiology and ornithology, but comparably little research has focused on the ecology of the migration seasons. We studied habitat use, time-budgets, home-range sizes, habitat selection, and movements based on spatial data collected with GPS devices attached to wild mallards trapped at an autumn stopover site in the Northwest European flyway. Sixteen individuals (13 males, 3 females) were followed for 15-38 days in October to December 2010. Forty-nine percent (SD = 8.4%) of the ducks' total time, and 85% of the day-time (SD = 28.3%), was spent at sheltered reefs and bays on the coast. Two ducks used ponds, rather than coast, as day-roosts instead. Mallards spent most of the night (76% of total time, SD = 15.8%) on wetlands, mainly on alvar steppe, or in various flooded areas (e.g. coastal meadows). Crop fields with maize were also selectively utilized. Movements between roosting and foraging areas mainly took place at dawn and dusk, and the home-ranges observed in our study are among the largest ever documented for mallards (mean = 6,859 ha; SD = 5,872 ha). This study provides insights into relatively unknown aspects of mallard ecology. The fact that autumn-staging migratory mallards have a well-developed diel activity pattern tightly linked to the use of specific habitats has implications for wetland management, hunting and conservation, as well as for the epidemiology of diseases shared between wildlife and domestic animals.

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  • 56.
    Bengtsson, Filip
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Madrusan, Matteo
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Near Field Communication Security concerns & applicable security in Android2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Near Field Communication (NFC) is being used more frequent in smart devices, this raises security concerns whether the users information is secure from attackers. The thesis examines the threats that NFC on Android smartphones are exposed to, its countermeasures, as well as existing protocols that ensures the integrity and confidentiality of the users data. The results were achieved by a literature study, a questionnaire sent to companies that create products related to the subject as well as an experiment that was divided into two parts. The first part examined what information can be extracted from a debit card stored on an Android smartphone. The second part included a relay attack in which a purchase would be made with a victim’s debit card by using Android smartphones. The results shows that it is difficult to conduct any attack on the smart devices because of the limited range of NFC as well as the protocols available for making purchases with debit cards stored on smart devices disallows unauthorized applications and hardware to attack cards stored in smart devices.

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  • 57.
    Bengtsson, Julia
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences.
    Påverkar information kring näringsinnehåll och ekologisk hållbarhet fysiskt aktiva konsumenters attityder till insekter som mat?2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Current food consumption worldwide contributes to global environmental degradation. In order to promote sustainable development, alternative nutritional sources need to be used and insects are a nutritious food with high protein quality that can replace other traditional animal products. Insects as food are in the western world usually associated with negative attitudes such as disgust and neophobia, which prevents a global diet that includes insects. Physically active consumers are often dedicated to a balanced diet with enough energy and nutrition. The aim of this study is to analyze physically active consumers and their attitudes to insects as food and compare whether these are affected by information on nutritional content and ecological sustainability. The study also aims to find out how their attitudes can be used to present insects as food in an attractive way. The study was conducted as a web-based survey. The survey was preceded, for half of the participants, by information about insects as food based on ecological sustainability and nutritional content. The study, in a comparison between the two groups, found that the type of information the participants received did not have a significant impact on physically active consumers' attitudes towards insects as food. Acceptance of food is a complex phenomena and requires consumers to have time to get used to eating insects, for example, by gradually reducing disgust. The results show that this can be done by serving ground insects in a well-known food product.

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  • 58.
    Berg, Johan
    et al.
    RISE.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Jönsson, K. Ingemar
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Äta insekter: finns det några hälsorisker?2019In: Nutritionsfakta, Vol. decemberArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    En tidigare publicerad artikel i Nutritionsfakta har visat på hälso- och hållbarhetsfördelar med att äta insekter. Finns det då några hälsorisker med att äta insekter? När det gäller kemiska risker är dessa små, förutsatt att producenten har kontroll på fodrets tungmetallinnehåll. Bakterier och andra mikroorganismer behöver kontrolleras noga, men inga tydliga risker finns här heller. Personer med skaldjursallergier bör dock vara försiktiga med insekter. Generellt motsvarar riskerna de som gäller för andra animaliska livsmedel, och samma typ av kontrollprogram bör finnas. Dock behövs mer forskning inom området. Kött från nöt, svin och fjäderfä har studerats under lång tid; det är dags att låta forskningen kring insekter som mat börja ta igen det försprånget.

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  • 59.
    Berg, Johan
    et al.
    RISE.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Langton, Maud
    Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet.
    Josell, Åsa
    Atria Scandinavia AB.
    Davidsson, Fredrik
    Geoloc AB.
    State Of The Art report: insects as food and feed2017In: Annals of Experimental Biology, ISSN 2348-1935, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 1-9Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    FAO has considered insects as food since 2003 [1] and is promoting consumption of insects (entomophagy) in the Western world because of the possibilities for sustainable production it offers. Insects as food are considered to leave smaller ecological footprints than conventional livestock (beef, pigs, and poultry) regarding feed, land and water needs, as well as greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions [2-7]. As an example regarding water, taken from a recent TV documentary, if a family of four people got their protein need from insects one day a week instead of from conventional livestock, over a year they would save the planet about a million Liters of water [8]. This is in agreement with figures above.

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  • 60.
    Bergman, Penny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Glebe, Dag
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Danmark.
    Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review2021In: Senses and Sciences, ISSN 2284-2489, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 1264-1292Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. 

    Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. 

    Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. 

    Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.  

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  • 61.
    Betsholtz, Alexander
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Karlsson, Stina
    Lunds universitet & Sweden Water Research AB.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Davidsson, Åsa
    Lunds universitet.
    Cimbritz, Michael
    Lunds universitet.
    Falås, Per
    Lunds universitet.
    Tracking 14C-labeled organic micropollutants to differentiate between adsorption and degradation in GAC and biofilm processes2021In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 55, no 16, p. 11318-11327Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Granular activated carbon (GAC) filters can be used to reduce emissions of organic micropollutants via municipal wastewater, but it is still uncertain to which extent biological degradation contributes to their removal in GAC filters. 14C-labeled organic micropollutants were therefore used to distinguish degradation from adsorption in a GAC-filter media with associated biofilm. The rates and extents of biological degradation and adsorption were investigated and compared with other biofilm systems, including a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and a sand filter, by monitoring 14C activities in the liquid and gas phases. The microbial cleavage of ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and mecoprop was confirmed for all biofilms, based on the formation of 14CO2, whereas the degradation of 14C-labeled moieties of sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine was undetected. Higher degradation rates for diclofenac were observed for the GAC-filter media than for the other biofilms. Degradation of previously adsorbed diclofenac onto GAC could be confirmed by the anaerobic adsorption and subsequent aerobic degradation by the GAC-bound biofilm. This study demonstrates the potential use of 14C-labeled micropollutants to study interactions and determine the relative contributions of adsorption and degradation in GAC-based treatment systems.

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  • 62.
    Betts, Bruce H
    et al.
    USA.
    Warmflash, David
    USA.
    Fraze, Raymond E
    USA.
    Friedman, Louis
    USA.
    Vorobyova, Elena
    Russia.
    Lilburn, Timothy G
    USA.
    Smith, Amy
    USA.
    Rettberg, Petra
    USA.
    Jönsson, K. Ingemar
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Ciftcioglu, Neva
    USA.
    Fox, George E
    USA.
    Svitek, Tomas
    USA.
    Kirschvinck, Joseph L
    USA & Japan.
    Moeller, Ralf
    Germany.
    Wassmann, Marko
    Germany.
    Berger, Thomas
    Germany.
    Phobos LIFE (Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment).2019In: Astrobiology, ISSN 1531-1074, E-ISSN 1557-8070Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The Planetary Society's Phobos Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment (Phobos LIFE) flew in the sample return capsule of the Russian Federal Space Agency's Phobos Grunt mission and was to have been a test of one aspect of the hypothesis that life can move between nearby planets within ejected rocks. Although the Phobos Grunt mission failed, we present here the scientific and engineering design and motivation of the Phobos LIFE experiment to assist with the scientific and engineering design of similar future experiments. Phobos LIFE flew selected organisms in a simulated meteoroid. The 34-month voyage would have been the first such test to occur in the high-radiation environment outside the protection of Earth's magnetosphere for more than a few days. The patented Phobos LIFE "biomodule" is an 88 g cylinder consisting of a titanium outer shell, several types of redundant seals, and 31 individual Delrin sample containers. Phobos LIFE contained 10 different organisms, representing all three domains of life, and one soil sample. The organisms are all very well characterized, most with sequenced genomes. Most are extremophiles, and most have flown in low Earth orbit. Upon return from space, the health and characteristics of organisms were to have been compared with controls that remained on Earth and have not yet been opened.

  • 63.
    Bisiach, Jonathon
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Zabkar, Matej
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Evaluating Methods for Optical Character Recognition on a Mobile Platform: comparing standard computer vision techniques with deep learning in the context of scanning prescription medicine labels2020Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Deep learning has become ubiquitous as part of Optical Character Recognition (OCR), but there are few examples of research into whether the two technologies are feasible for deployment on a mobile platform. This study examines which particular method of OCR would be best suited for a mobile platform in the specific context of a prescription medication label scanner. A case study using three different methods of OCR – classic computer vision techniques, standard deep learning and specialised deep learning – tested against 100 prescription medicine label images shows that the method that provides the best combination of accuracy, speed and resource using has proven to be standard seep learning, or Tesseract 4.1.1 in this particular case. Tesseract 4.1.1 tested with 76% accuracy with a further 10% of results being one character away from being accurate. Additionally, 9% of images were processed in less than one second and 41% were processed in less than 10 seconds. Tesseract 4.1.1 also had very reasonable resource costs, comparable to methods that did not utilise deep learning.

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  • 64.
    Biörklund Helgesson, Maria
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Gerberich, Johanna
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Höijer, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Nyberg, Maria
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Olsson, Viktoria
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Verksamhetsberättelse Mat- och Måltidsvetenskap 20182019Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Året inleddes med en ny organisation för Högskolan Kristianstad och bildandetav fyra nya fakulteter. Avdelningen för Mat- och måltidsvetenskapingår numera i Fakulteten för Naturvetenskap tillsammans med avdelningenför Datavetenskap och avdelningen för Miljö och biologi. Det varinte bara för HKR som det gångna året innebar organisatoriska förändringarutan även för vår avdelning.Bitte Müller Hansen gick i pension efter nästan tio år som programansvarigför Gastronomiprogrammet och avdelningschef. Bitte har betytt oerhörtmycket för utveckling av programmet och har lagt ner stort engagemangi såväl utbildningen, som i sina kontakter med studenter och medarbetsmarknaden.

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  • 65.
    Biörklund Helgesson, Maria
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Höijer, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Olsson, Viktoria
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Verksamhetsberättelse Mat- och Måltidsvetenskap 20192020Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Under året som gått har mycket hänt och vi utvecklas vidare! Denna upplaga av Mat- och måltidsvetenskaps verksamhetsberättelse sammanfattar händelser och utveckling av ämnesområdet vid Högskolan Kristianstad under 2019. Ett år där alla medarbetare på avdelningen bidragit till att arbeta för visionen att vi ska ha en ledande position för framtidens mat och måltider genom attraktiva utbildningar, framgångsrik forskning och aktiv samverkan.

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  • 66.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Luczkiewicz, A.
    Polen.
    Fudala-Ksiazek, S.
    Polen.
    Szopińska, M
    Polen.
    B., Szatkowska,
    Advanced treatment technologies for the removal of pharmaceutical substances in WWTPs2019Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 67.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Luczkiewicz, A.
    Polen.
    Fudala-Ksiazek, S.
    Polen.
    Szopińska, M
    Polen.
    Szatkowska, B.
    Best practices in chemical analysis of pharmaceuticals in the environment2019Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 68.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Estimating the local chemical pharmaceutical burden using chemical analysis of wastewater and surface water – The example of Diclofenac in Kristianstad Municipality, Region Skåne2019In: Coastal & Marine Magazine, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 1-2Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    In the MORPHEUS project we estimated the occurrence and load of pharmaceuticals in four areas of the South Baltic Sea. This included the released loads from selected WWTPs as well as the environmental occurrence of pharmaceutical substances downstream of the WWTPs in the coastal regions Skåne (Sweden), Mecklenburg (Germany),Pomerania (Poland) and Klaipėda (Lithuania).In this article, we report on some of the findings from the Swedishmodel area Skåne and Kristianstad Municipality in the north eastpart of Skåne (Scania) as an example of a local assessment.

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  • 69.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Estimating the local chemical pharmaceutical burden using chemical analysis of wastewater and surface water: the example of diclofenac in Kristianstad Municipality, Region Skåne2019In: Coastal & Marine, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 6-7Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 70.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    MORPHEUS success story Segesholmsån river and Degeberga WWTP, Skåne, Sweden2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the MORPHEUS project three Swedish Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) were investigated for their release of pharmaceuticals into the recipient. One of these was Degeberga WWTP which discharges its treated wastewater into the Segesholmsån river, ending in the Baltic Sea. Segesholmsån river has a length of 23 km and an average flow of roughly 0.6 m3/s (Figure 1).

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  • 71.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Pharmaceutical occurrence in wastewater and surface water in UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads vattenrike2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In this project the release of 15 pharmaceuticals from three different WWTPs into three different recipients inKristianstad Municipality, Region Skåne was investigated. All three WWTPs are situated within the borders of thefirst UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Sweden, Kristianstads Vattenrike – “Vattenriket®”, established in 2005. Pharmaceutical included were: 1. Atenolol 2. Azithromycin 3. Carbamazepine 4. Ciprofloxacin 5. Clarithromycin 6. Diclofenac 7. Erythromycin 8. Estrone 9. Ibuprofen 10. Naproxen 11. Metoprolol 12. Propranolol 13. Oxazepam 14. Paracetamol 15. Sulfamethoxazole

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  • 72.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Askman, Peter
    Region Skåne.
    Tibell, Cecilia
    Region Skåne.
    Askman, Andreas
    Region Skåne.
    De Geer, Kristina
    Region Skåne.
    Milenkovski, Susann
    Region Skåne.
    Förekomst av läkemedel och antibiotika i avloppsvattnet på Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Lund2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Under våren 2017 togs prover på avloppsvatten från Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Lund i samarbete mellan Region Skåne och Högskolan Kristianstad (HKR). Totalt analyserades fyraprovpunkter med avseende på förekomst av 23 läkemedel, antibiotika och andra mikroföroreningar. De fyra provpunkterna var 1. Pumpgrop för uppsamling, 2. Onkologen, 3. Infektion samt 4. Avlopp från Centralblocket. Resultaten redovisas baserat på olika behandlingsfunktion, vilketinnefattar grupperna J - Antiinfektiva medel för systemiskt bruk, C - Hjärta och Kretslopp, N -Nervsystemet, M - Rörelseapparaten samt övriga ämnen. Resultaten visar att vissa läkemedelsläpps ut från SUS i högre koncentration jämfört med utgående avloppsvatten från ettreningsverk (se rapporten ”Läkemedelsutsläpp från Skånska avloppsreningsverk 2017” nedan). Noterbara ämnen är ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole och trimethoprim, samtligaantibiotika. Resultaten vi-sar också att olika avdelningar medicinerar sina patientgrupper olika och att avdelningarna därmed kan vara lokala punktkällor för vissa typer av antibiotika. Koncentrationen av läkemdelsrester i avloppsvattnet påverkas förstås också av den totala vattenanvändningen, som i sin tur är en konsekvens av antal anställda, antal patienter, antal toaletter och arbetsmetoder/vattenanvänd-ning per avloppsspunkt mm. De uppmätta halternavisar att det är önskvärt, i en uppföljande studie, att analysera och fastställa, företrädesvis för antibiotika, vilka andra preparat som används på SUS, och i vilken omfattning. Det är viktigt att poängtera att resultaten från denna undersökning kommer från ett provtagningstillfälle där provtagningen bestod av ett stickprov. En uppföljande studie behöver innehålla fler analystillfällen samt söka svar på om förekomsten av höga halter av antibiotika kan föranleda resistensutveckling i sjukhusens avloppssystem. Vidare behöver man undersöka vilka eventuella åtgärder som behöver vidtas, vid sjukhusen och/eller vid avloppsreningsverken, för att förhindra att höga halter av läkemedelsrester belastar vattenmiljön med dess djur och växtliv. Hänsyn måste då också tas inte bara till vilka ämnen som specifikt härrör från sjukhuset utan också i vilka mängder och i vilken omfattning de når reningsverket i aktiv form.

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  • 73.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Bak, Søren
    Danmark.
    Bekoe, Samuel Oppong
    Ghana.
    Hansen, Martin
    USA.
    Pharmaceutical residues affecting the UNESCO biosphere reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike wetlands: sources and sinks2016In: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, ISSN 0090-4341, E-ISSN 1432-0703, Vol. 71, no 3, p. 423-436Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study is the first to investigate the pharmaceutical burden from point sources affecting the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden. The investigated Biosphere Reserve is a >1000 km(2) wetland system with inflows from lakes, rivers, leachate from landfill, and wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs). We analysed influent and treated wastewater, leachate water, lake, river, and wetland water alongside sediment for six model pharmaceuticals. The two WWTPs investigated released pharmaceutical residues at levels close to those previously observed in Swedish monitoring exercises. Compound-dependent WWTP removal efficiencies ranging from 12 to 100 % for bendroflumethiazide, oxazepam, atenolol, carbamazepine, and diclofenac were observed. Surface-water concentrations in the most affected lake were ≥100 ng/L for the various pharmaceuticals with atenolol showing the highest levels (>300 ng/L). A small risk assessment showed that adverse single-substance toxicity on aquatic organisms within the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve is unlikely. However, the effects of combinations of a large number of known and unknown pharmaceuticals, metals, and nutrients are still unknown.

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  • 74.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Jönsson, Rune
    Region Skåne.
    Cimbritz, Michael
    Lunds universitet.
    Utsläpp av 33 antibiotika, läkemedel och andra mikroföroreningar från Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Malmö till Sjölunda avloppsreningsverk2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Under februari 2019 togs 7 dygnsprover på det totala utgående flödet av avloppsvatten från Skånes Universitetssjukhus (SUS) i Malmö samt på det totala inkommande flödet av avlopssvatten till Sjölunda avloppsreningsverk i Malmö, som är Malmös största reningsverk. Syftet var att få kunskap om utgående koncentrationer av läkemedel från sjukhuset i relation till de inkommande koncentrationerna till avloppsreningsverket. Proverna togs från måndag till söndag under en och samma vecka och analyserades med avseende på förekomst av 33 läkemedel, antibiotika och andra mikroföroreningar. Detta innefattade 9 st antibiotika, 19 st läkemedel samt 5 andra kemikalier.

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  • 75.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Luczkiewicz, A.
    Polen.
    Fudala-Ksiazek, S.
    Polen.
    Jankowska, K.
    Polen.
    Szopińska, M
    Polen.
    Tränckner, J.
    Tyskland.
    Kaiser, A.
    Tyskland.
    Garnaga-Budrė, G.
    Litauen.
    Langas, V.
    Litauen.
    Advanced pharmaceuticals removal from wastewater: roadmap for the model site Degeberga wastewater treatment plant2019Report (Other academic)
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  • 76.
    Björklund, Erland
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab.
    Svahn, Ola
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research environment MoLab. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Pommeresche, Reidun
    Norge.
    Mckinnon, Kirsty
    Norge.
    Sørheim, Kristin
    Norge.
    Hansen, Sissel
    Norge.
    Biologiske metoder for nedbryting av medisinrester i gjødsel2017Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    There is not much knowledge about pharmaceutical residues in Norwegian horse manure. In this project we have further developed a method that enables the analysis of various antibiotics and anthelmintics in a single sample. The method is designed for the analysis of solid substrates, such as horse manure. Manure from treated horses and horse manure with additions of controlled amounts of medicines were composted outdoors in a windrow consisting of horse manure and freshly cut grass. In a pot trail earthworms were added to some of the manure from the treated horses to study the effect of worm action on the biodegradation of pharmaceutical residues. - At the start of the project, several veterinary medicines were considered. The developed analysis method covers several active ingredients in the most commonly used equine medicines. The antibiotic Tribrissen vet inj with the active ingredients sulfadiazine and trimethoprim, and the equine anthelmintics Panacur (active ingredient fenbendazole) and Banminth (active ingredient pyrantel embonate) were included in the entire preliminary study. In total, 70 samples of horse manure and horse manure compost were analysed. We found that dried manure from treated horses could be analysed directly, thus making it unnecessary to freeze-dry samples prior to sending them further for analysis. The method can be used to analyse all four active ingredients at the same time. - Contents of pharmaceutical residues in horse manure are highest 1-2 days after the horse has been treated, with some variation between substances. After this peak, residue contents in manure decrease rapidly. Degradation of the added medicines was slow in the composting trials. In the compost windrow, the contents of medicines decreased gradually throughout a 60-day period, with slightly different degradation curves for the various substances. Three of the tested active ingredients were still detectable in the compost after 60 days. The earthworm trials have to be improved and repeated, among other things, because many worms died in the untreated horse manure plots. - Our trials show that manure from treated horses should be kept apart from other manure for the first 1-3 days after medical treatment. Strategies for the management of such manure have to be developed so that this resource can be used safely in plant production. Additional studies are needed to assess the degradation rate of pharmaceutical residues using different composting methods. Important factors that need to be studied in greater detail under Norwegian conditions include temperature development, windrow dimensions, moisture conditions and earthworm survival. We did not study the contents of pharmaceutical residues in urine. - We performed a survey on soil and fertilizer products among 100 garden centre customers. The results showed that there is a certain interest for peat-free, locally produced soil and fertilizer products. Approximately half of the respondents replied that they are willing to pay as much as 20 % more for such products. Consumers preferred soil amendments that contain nutrients and are typically ”all-purpose”, i.e. a single product that can be used across a wide range of applications. - This project has been important for the project partners due to its development of an analysis for pharmaceutical residues in solid horse manure. Furthermore, it provided a basis for the further development of horse manure as a pharmaceutical residue-free product.

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  • 77.
    Blücher, Anna
    et al.
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Borgenstierna, Catharina
    Camanio Care AB.
    Lindborg, Ann-Louise
    Mälardalens Högskola.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalens Högskola.
    Nyberg, Maria
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Olsson, Viktoria
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Westergren, Albert
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Mat och måltidsteknik för ett hälsosamt och oberoende åldrande2018Book (Other academic)
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  • 78.
    Bodin, Hristina
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Ehde, Per Magnus
    Halmstad University.
    Weisner, Stefan
    Halmstad University.
    Attenuation of pharmaceutical substances: phytoremediation using constructed wetlands2018In: 13th Society of wetland scientists (SWS) Europe chapter meeting: management of wetland ecosystem services: issues, challenges and solutions, 2018, p. 19-22Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Currently, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) do not efficiently remove pharmaceutical substances (PS). Thus, such substances are now frequently found in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Also, concentrations of some PS in treated effluents exceed Environmental Quality Standards proposed by EU legislation. One resource-efficient option for increasing PS removal in WWTP effluents is to use constructed wetlands (CWs) as an attenuation step (Breitholtz et al. 2012; Li et al. 2014). However, very little research has been done on how to maximize the PS attenuation capacity of CWs. Therefore, a project with the aim to investigate reduction of different pharmaceutical substances in CWs with different vegetation compositions and water depths, was performed at the Experimental Wetland Area (EVA) located 20 km north of Halmstad, Sweden. 

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  • 79.
    Bohlin, Madeleine
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Faktorer som kan inverka på effektiviteten i dryckesbranschens produktutvecklingsarbete2019Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Product development and innovation is a systematic endeavor to generate new products. This is  a costly process and the small companies are extra vulnerable which makes the right work in product development of great importance. In terms of production, product development work is crucial for competitiveness. In line with increased globalisation, companies need to consider the dynamic and often changing market in order to survive. Having control of the product throughout the product development work creates opportunities for development and improvement, and thereby better utilisation of resources. Product development generates costs and resources for the companies, which means that it is becoming increasingly important to manage correctly from the outset, and onwards throughout the entire product development work. By making more efficient use of resources, a more sustainable production and product is created.

    Purpose

    The aim is to highlight some of the critical factors in smaller companies that may affect the efficiency of product development work within the beverage industry.

    Method

    A qualitative study made up of semi-structured interviews at five smaller beverage companies. The interviews lasted approximately 20 minutes. Information from the informers was recorded and transcribed, and later underwent thematic analysis. The companies were chosen on the basis of a target-driven selection. As the interviews were carried out in the form of a physical meeting, companies were chosen within a 6,2 miles radius of Malmö.

    Results

    The thematic analysis resulted in three themes, which were experiences, intelligence gathering and governability/control. These themes represent critical aspects where everyone can play a crucial role in product development work. Small businesses often influence their product development work through decisions based on previously acquired experience and knowledge and make informal decisions as problems and questions arise.

    Conclusion

    Governability/control, experiences and intelligence gathering are three critical factors that all influence the product development work. Small businesses often act on the basis of previous professional knowledge and experience when making decisions. This has caused increased costs, prolonged  product development work and given difficulties that required new decisions, which had a negative impact on the companies' product development work. Combining theoretical tools and practical experience are the most effective product development work. Intelligence gathering with an increased market and consumer orientation contributes to better product development work, together with decisions made with a increased degree of governability/control and with contributions from previous professional expertise.

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  • 80.
    Bohn, Pernille
    et al.
    Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
    Bak, Søren A.
    Eurofins Denmark A/S, Environment, Vejen.
    Björklund, Erland
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Krogh, Kristine A.
    Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
    Hansen, Martin
    Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
    Abiotic degradation of antibiotic ionophores2013In: Environmental Pollution, ISSN 0269-7491, E-ISSN 1873-6424, Vol. 182, p. 177-183Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydrolytic and photolytic degradation were investigated for the ionophore antibiotics lasalocid, monensin, salinomycin, and narasin. The hydrolysis study was carried out by dissolving the ionophores in solutions of pH 4, 7, and 9, followed by incubation at three temperatures of 6, 22, and 28 °C for maximum 34 days. Using LC–MS/MS for chemical analysis, lasalocid was not found to hydrolyse in any of the tested environments. Monensin, salinomycin, and narasin were all stable in neutral or alkaline solution but hydrolysed in the solution with a pH of 4. Half-lives at 25 °C were calculated to be 13, 0.6, and 0.7 days for monensin, salinomycin, and narasin, respectively. Absorbance spectra from each compound indicated that only lasalocid is degraded by photolysis (half-life below 1 h) due to an absorbance maximum around 303 nm, and monensin, salinomycin, and narasin are resistant to direct photolysis because they absorb light of environmentally irrelevant wavelengths.

  • 81.
    Bolos, Laura Andreea
    et al.
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Lagerkvist, Carl-Johan
    Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.
    Normann, Anne
    RISE-Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    In the eye of the beholder: expected and actual liking for apples with visual imperfections2021In: Food Quality and Preference, ISSN 0950-3293, E-ISSN 1873-6343, Vol. 87, article id 104065Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Food appearance is an important determinant for expected and actual liking, but some food is not even availablefor purchase due to visual imperfections. In two studies conducted with 130 participants in Sweden, we measuredconsumers’ expected and actual liking for different apples with three types of visual imperfection (color,shape and damage). We investigated the effects of apples’ visual characteristics on expected liking and whetheror not this relationship is mediated by emotions and attitudes. Secondly, we investigated how actual likingdiffered between the groups of apples, and how it differed from expected liking. Results indicated that attitudesare the strongest mediator between visual characteristics of apples and expected liking. Moreover, participantsindicated higher expected liking for color and shape imperfections relative to damaged apples. Results from thesecond study indicated a significant difference between expected and actual liking, and less variability in actualliking between the apple groups relative to the variability in expected liking.It can be concluded that the visual characteristics of apples influence both expected and actual liking, thepractical implication for retailers being a need to carefully distinguish between the different types of visual suboptimalityand to keep the products that have a higher chance to be chosen (sub-optimal in shape and colour).Thus, these results generate a clearer understanding of visual sub-optimality, and can be incorporated in strategiesfor reducing food waste in stores.

  • 82.
    Boork, Magdalena
    et al.
    RISE.
    Enger, Johanna
    Lunds Universitet.
    Hiller, Carolina
    RISE.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Bright Communication: Belysningskommunikation med fokus på perception och energi2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In order to promote an efficient use of energy for lighting, while putting the user'sperception and light comfort in focus, this project has developed methods and tools tocommunicate light and lighting. To ensure that light environments are designed from auser perspective, existing definitions of light quality, which are mainly based ontechnical terms, have been supplemented with concepts and definitions of visual andemotional character of light. The lighting industry and professional purchasers havebeen involved in all phases of the project in order to develop methods and tools that arewell-grounded and applicable by different actors involved in the process from lightplanning to the implementation of lighting environments.Lighting accounts for a significant part of the total energy use in buildings, about 20per cent for households and 40 per cent for premises. The energy saving potential isthus high. Moreover, Europe is facing a shift towards more energy efficient lighting as aresult of both regulations and technology development. Still, Swedish consumers tendto prefer incandescent light, as it is perceived to provide better comfort compared tomodern light sources. Therefore, in order to motivate property owners and consumersto convert to more energy-efficient products, it is necessary to focus more on the visualand emotional qualities of light. Today, however, knowledge, concepts and tools tocommunicate and measure visual light quality are lacking. This challenge has been themotivation and starting point for the development of methods for assessing objectiveand subjective light qualities for light sources, luminaires and light environmentswithin this project and to translate the results into tools targeting the industry.The project has developed a draft communication tool based on the human perceptionof light quality. The tool aims to constitute a neutral communication point and tosupports both the lighting industry and professional purchaser, and thus also the enduser. By reducing misunderstandings and increasing the consensus between actors indifferent parts of the process from light planning to implementation, the tool isexpected to promote light environments that are both energy-efficient and provideattractive perception and comfort.

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  • 83.
    Boork, Magdalena
    et al.
    RISE.
    Enger, Johanna
    LTH/LU.
    Hiller, Carolina
    RISE.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    User-centric measuers of perceived light quality: development of tools to promote energy efficient lighting2018In: BEHAVE 2018: 5th European Conference on Behaviour and Energy Efficiency, / [ed] Hackenfort M, Carabias-Hütter V, Hartmann C, Janser M, Schwarz N and Stücheli-Herlach P, 2018, p. 59-60Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of the research presented is to support the implementation of light environments that cater both energy efficiency and well-being by providing tools that support communication about perceived lighting quality between professionals in lighting design and procurement.

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  • 84.
    Boork, Magdalena
    et al.
    RISE.
    Nordén, Johan
    RISE.
    Nilsson Tengelin, Malin
    RISE.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Danmark.
    Sensory evaluation of lighting: a methodological pilot2020In: LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, ISSN 1550-2724, E-ISSN 1550-2716, p. 1-17, article id 1813037Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Current standards for light environments are based on technical requirements, e.g. luminance, uniformity, and illuminance, and do not necessarily describe all parts of the light experience to ensure visual comfort from a user perspective. Including experience-related requirements would most likely yield better lighting comfort. To do that, new methods for specifying and measuring the user experience are needed. This paper describes a pilot study exploring a new method to analytically assess perceived lighting properties by using a trained human panel and thus make human assessments more objective. The methodology is built on established sensory methods, where the human senses are used in product assessments, traditionally applied within e.g. the food, packaging, and car industries. An analytical panel comprising eight persons fulfilling specific selection criteria were recruited and trained to assess lighting products in a multi-sensory laboratory. The results show that the panelists were able to assess lighting by distinguishing between attributes and products. Significant differences were identified between the different luminaires, both in terms of sensory and physical properties, e.g. read ability and glare. Conclusively, analytical sensory methods can be applied to lighting to assess luminaires in a non-subjective way. Physical and sensory attributes do not, however, always co-vary, which shows that data from physical and sensory measuring methods provide complementary information about light quality. This knowledge may in turn be applied in tools supporting the communication between different professions in lighting design and procurement to promote light environments that are both energy efficient and desirable from an end-user perspective.

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  • 85.
    Borg, Johanna
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences.
    Jämförelse av kemiinstrument och validering av referensintervall hos hund och katt2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Clinical chemical analyzes has high clinical relevance. In serum/plasma, different parameters can be quantified. Parameters can be proteins, enzymes, ions, metals, lipids, and carbohydrates. With reference intervals, veterinarians can set diagnosis, follow treatment and development of the disease. Parameters are detected with different analysis principles/methods; colorimetry, immunoturbidimetry, enzymatic method and potentiometry. The animal hospital, AniCura, in Hässleholm accept dogs and cats. About 120 chemical analyzes are analyzed every day. AniCura purchased a new instrument, Indiko Plus, which will replace Cobas C111. Indiko Plus provide, more sample positions, 8 new analyzes, increased capacity, and facilitated use.

    The purpose of this study was to compare the instruments and produce a new reference interval which was compared to the reference interval provided by Thermo Fisher. To verify Indiko Plus, a precision and linearity study were conducted. Blood sampling of dogs and cats was performed by staff at AniCura. The comparison was made with patient samples and the reference intervals were obtained using samples from healthy animals.

    The comparison showed 9 of 13 analyzes had a statistically significant difference. The reason for this is probably due to the difference in reagents, the age of the instruments and the time between measurements. A new reference interval was developed and did not differ much from the Thermo Fisher interval. Further validation due to low population was recommended. The precision for Indiko Plus was approved. The linearity study shows not linear trend but was likely due to a bad pipette and should be redone.

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  • 86.
    Borodacz, Lucie
    et al.
    Agrosup Dijon.
    Chambard, Emeline
    Agrosup Dijon.
    Fingerfoods, rediscover the pleasure of eating: Simple recipes for meals and snacks2021Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Are you ready to eat with your fingers? While norms and table manners require the use of cutlery for eating, a part of the consumer population is excluded from this system. With the ageing of the population, the older generation is becoming an increasingly important part of the world's population. It is time to feed them properly. While people over 65 years old are mostly able to use cutlery, not all of them are. Indeed, some people have physical difficulties in handling knives, forks, spoons, and glasses. These problems are mainly motor related and result from a lack of muscle control. The look of others can be difficult for those who do not follow the norm and are forced to eat without cutlery. This leads to social withdrawal and discomfort for many of the people concerned. Fortunately, mentalities can change and it is the role of food professionals to participate in this change. Eating with the fingers can be accepted if the food is easy to handle and not messy. These are the challenges and the ambition of this project. It is not up to the people to adapt but to the food, by being adequate in terms of handling but also in terms of nutritional intake, which must be rich in proteins for this population.

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  • 87.
    Borodacz, Lucie
    et al.
    AgroSup Dijon.
    Chambard, Emeline
    AgroSup Dijon.
    Les fingerfoods, retrouver le plaisir de manger: Des recettes simples pour les repas et pour les encas2021Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [fr]

    Êtes-vous prêts à manger avec les mains ? Alors que les normes et les manières à table imposent l’utilisation des couverts pour manger, une partie des consommateurs est exclue de ce système. Avec le vieillissement de la population, les personnes âgées occupent une part de plus en plus importante dans le monde. Il est temps de les nourrir de façon adaptée. Si la génération des plus de 65 ans arrive majoritairement à utiliser des couverts, ce n’est pas le cas de toutes les personnes appartenant à cette catégorie. En effet, certains font face à des difficultés physiques les empêchant de manipuler couteaux, fourchettes, cuillères, et verres. Ces problèmes sont principalement moteurs et correspondent à un manque de contrôle de ses muscles. Le regard des autres peut être lourd pour ceux qui ne suivent pas la norme et sont obligés de manger sans couverts. Cela entraîne un retrait social et un mal-être pour une grande partie des personnes concernées. Heureusement, les mentalités peuvent évoluer et il est du rôle des professionnels de l’alimentation de participer à ce changement. Manger avec les mains peut être accepté si la nourriture est facile à prendre en main et non salissante. C’est ici que reposent les enjeux et l’ambition de ce projet. Ce n’est pas aux personnes de s’adapter mais aux aliments, en étant adéquat au niveau de la prise en main mais aussi au niveau de l’apport nutritionnel qui doit être riche en protéines pour cette population.

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  • 88.
    Bozorgi, Catherina
    et al.
    Danmark.
    Holleufer, Celina
    Danmark.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Danmark.
    Impact of sour and carbonated foods and drinks on subsequent intake2021In: 6th international conference on food oral processing: Physics, physiology andpsychology of eating / [ed] CSIC, Valencia, 2021, p. 100-100Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The oral processing of food is important for eating and digestion in order to gain energy and nutrients. Due to disease, accident, or aging individuals may experience difficulties in this process. These difficulties often lead to dysphagia which is strongly associated with malnutrition.  Thus, it is of importance to find solutions and strategies that can facilitate intake of food. 

    It is well known that sour and/or carbonated foods and drinks increase saliva secretion and trigger the swallowing reflex. However, knowledge of how subsequent food intake is impacted is low. The aim of this study is to clarify whether sour and/or carbonated foods and drinks have a subsequent impact on swallowing function. 

    Twelve healthy participants evaluated eleven different foods and drinks due to their ability to increase saliva production and make swallowing of a subsequent food easier. 

    As expected, results showed that sourness and carbonation had a positive impact on saliva secretion and swallowing. No correlation was found between pH / sourness and ease of swallowing these foods. It could be concluded that some sour foods, in this study exemplified by cherry tomatoes, natural yoghurt, and in particular citrus juice made it easier to swallow a neutral cracker after ingestion of these sour products. The results may be used to increase food intake among dysphagia patients.

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  • 89.
    Bozorgi, Catherina
    et al.
    Danmark.
    Holleufer, Celina
    Danmark.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Saliva secretion and swallowing: impact of different types of food and drink on subsequent intake2020In: Nutrients, E-ISSN 2072-6643, Vol. 12, no 1, p. 1-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The oral processing of food is important for eating and digestion in order to gain energy and nutrients. Due to disease, injury, or aging, individuals may experience difficulties in this process. These difficulties often lead to dysphagia, which is associated with malnutrition. Thus, it is of importance to find solutions and strategies to enable food intake. It is well known that sour and/or carbonated foods and drinks increase saliva secretion and trigger the swallowing reflex. However, knowledge regarding how subsequent food intake is impacted is lacking. The aim of this study was to clarify whether sour and/or carbonated foods and drinks had subsequent impacts on swallowing function. Twelve healthy participants evaluated eleven foods and drinks in terms of their ability to increase saliva production and ease the swallowing of subsequent food. Results showed that sourness and carbonation had positive impacts on saliva secretion and swallowing. No correlation was found between the pH/sourness of the foods and the ease of swallowing them. It was concluded that the ingestion of cherry tomatoes, natural yoghurt, and, in particular, citrus juice made swallowing of a neutral cracker easier. These results may be used to increase food intake among dysphagia patients.

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  • 90.
    Braco, Veletanlic
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Design och datavetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment of Computer science (RECS).
    Chen, Eric Zhi
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Design och datavetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment of Computer science (RECS).
    Flipped classroom approach and its implementation in an online course2016In: Lärarlärdom 2016: Högskolan Kristianstad / [ed] Claes Dahlqvist & Stefan Larsson, Högskolan Kristianstad: Kristianstad University Press , 2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Active learning is the process where students learn beyond passively listening to an instructor's lecture. In this way students are engaged in their learning activities. It has been accepted that active learning leads to deeper understanding and better learning outcomes.

    The term flipped classroom has been widely used to describe a new pedagogical approach in which traditional lecture and homework elements of a course are reversed so that the initial exposure to the learning content takes place outside of the classroom. This approach frees up class time, promotes active learning and engagement in learning and facilitates student-centered learning.

    In this study we experimented with flipped classroom approach in the online course Programming in C during the autumn term 2015. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether flipped classroom can serve as an appropriate method to use in an online course and to find out to what extent flipped classroom can stimulate active learning in an online setting. Based on known concept of flipped classroom approach and literature review, we systematically reviewed YouTube videos and selected 52 video clips to use as companion course materials. We also compiled and produced 212 quiz questions to use as formative assessment. In order to promote interaction among the students, we experimented with peer-review as a part of the laboratory work process. We also provided scheduled online sessions in the form of chat rooms. Short video clips were positively received by the students. Even the peer-review approach was positively received but the students gave up this activity at the end of the course, due to the work load. Flipped classroom has potential to be used in online settings but distinction between "classroom" and "outside classroom" is not always clear.

    More work is needed to make this distinction visible and to make the transition between these two learning environments smooth.

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  • 91.
    Braco, Veletanlic
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Design och datavetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment of Computer science (RECS).
    Klonowska, Kamilla
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Design och datavetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment of Computer science (RECS).
    Generella kompetenser och forskningsanknytning i utbildningen - en akademisk slinga för dataloger2016In: Lärarlärdom: 2015, Växjö: Linnéuniversitetet , 2016, p. 163-181Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Akademisk slinga är ett pedagogiskt begrepp som används vid Högskolan Kristianstad. Akademisk slinga har för syfte att integrera generella kompetenser och färdigheter i ämneskurser i grundutbildningar. I sin grundform ska akademisk slinga även utveckla studenternas kommunikativa förmågor och förmågan att lösa problem och arbeta i grupp. Under 2014 genomgick kandidatprogrammet i datalogi (Datasystemutvecklingsprogrammet) vid Högskolan Kristianstad en rad förändringar. En av de viktigaste drivkrafterna bakom dessa förändringar var att skapa förutsättningar för en systematisk introduktion i ett vetenskapligt förhållningssätt och på detta sätt hjälpa studenterna att utveckla kunskap om ämnets vetenskapliga grund och förmåga att orientera sig om aktuella forskningsfrågor. Utbildningen skulle få en tydligare forskningsanknytning. Akademisk slinga, som i sin grundform syftar till att fokusera på generella kompetenser, sågs som ett möjligt verktyg för att uppnå detta mål. En systematisk utveckling av generella kompetenser ansåg vi kunna skapa viktiga förutsättningar för utveckling av det vetenskapliga förhållningssättet vilket i sin tur skulle leda till att studenterna kunde tillgodogöra sig det ämnesspecifika och även uppnå utbildningens examensmål. Den akademiska slingan i datalogiprogramme tblev på så vis ett verktyg som skulle skapa en tydlig länk mellan det generella och det ämnesspecifika. För att möjliggöra detta definierades övergripande lärandemål och examinationsmoment för den akademiska slingan. Lämpliga kurser valdes ut och omarbetades avseende lärandemål och innehåll. Kursmoment som fokuserar på generella kompetenser och forskningsanknytning inkorporerades i dessa kurser med lärandemål och examinationsformer som haren tydlig relation till utbildningens övergripande lärandemål. Dessa kursmomen tutgjorde på detta vis ett tydligt, progressivt spår i utbildningen. En viktig punkt som den akademiska slingan fokuserar på är att ge studenterna möjlighet att tidigt i utbildningen bekanta sig med olika forsknings tema och forskningsprojekt. Moment med vetenskapsteori och vetenskaplig metod introduceras tidigt. Seminarium som undervisningsform används genomgående i utbildningen. Det vetenskapliga förhållningssättet medvetandegörs och konkretiseras i olika projekt och laborationer.

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  • 92.
    Brante, Göran
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg.
    Brunosson, Albina
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Resrarch environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    To double a recipe: interdisciplinary teaching and learning of mathematical content knowledge in a home economics setting2014In: Education Inquiry, E-ISSN 2000-4508, Vol. 5, no 2, p. 301-318Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study examines if interdisciplinary teaching can be said to facilitate the learning and use of fractions by Swedish 12-year-old pupils. Home and Consumer Studies is well suited to interdisciplinary teaching, and young people can therefore find it interesting to study maths since the setting is relevant to them. Building on variation theory and a learning study, we examined pupils’ (n18) ability to double fractions greater than ½ when using a recipe. The general results show that what is to be learned benefits if it is presented in different ways, that teachers should not take pupils’ knowledge for granted, and mathematically that it is not necessary to divide something to be able to double it. We argue that the study shows that genuine problems based on pupils’ interest and life world can enhance motivation and, in turn, learning.

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  • 93.
    Brink, Ebba
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Wamsler, Christine
    Lund University.
    Adolfsson, Maria
    Trelleborg Municipal.
    Axelsson, Monica
    Kristianstad Municipal.
    Beery, Thomas H.
    Kristianstad University, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Avdelningen för matematik- och naturvetenskapernas didaktik.
    Bjorn, Helena
    Lomma Municipal.
    Bramryd, Torleif
    Lund University.
    Ekelund, Nils
    Malmö University.
    Jephson, Therese
    SALA.
    Narvelo, Widar
    Helsingborg Municipal.
    Ness, Barry
    lund University.
    Jönsson, K. Ingemar
    Kristianstad University, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Palo, Thomas
    SLU Umeå.
    Sjeldrup, Magnus
    Bjuv Municipal.
    Stalhammar, Sanna
    Lund University.
    Thiere, Geraldine
    Lomma Municipal.
    On the road to 'research municipalities': analysing transdisciplinarity in municipal ecosystem services and adaptation planning2018In: Sustainability Science, ISSN 1862-4065, E-ISSN 1862-4057, Vol. 13, no 3, p. 765-784Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Transdisciplinary research and collaboration is widely acknowledged as a critical success factor for solution-oriented approaches that can tackle complex sustainability challenges, such as biodiversity loss, pollution, and climate-related hazards. In this context, city governments' engagement in transdisciplinarity is generally seen as a key condition for societal transformation towards sustainability. However, empirical evidence is rare. This paper presents a self-assessment of a joint research project on ecosystem services and climate adaptation planning (ECOSIMP) undertaken by four universities and seven Swedish municipalities. We apply a set of design principles and guiding questions for transdisciplinary sustainability projects and, on this basis, identify key aspects for supporting university-municipality collaboration. We show that: (1) selecting the number and type of project stakeholders requires more explicit consideration of the purpose of societal actors' participation; (2) concrete, interim benefits for participating practitioners and organisations need to be continuously discussed; (3) promoting the 'inter', i.e., interdisciplinary and inter-city learning, can support transdisciplinarity and, ultimately, urban sustainability and long-term change. In this context, we found that design principles for transdisciplinarity have the potential to (4) mitigate project shortcomings, even when transdisciplinarity is not an explicit aim, and (5) address differences and allow new voices to be heard. We propose additional guiding questions to address shortcomings and inspire reflexivity in transdisciplinary projects.

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  • 94.
    Buono, Vincenzo
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences.
    Petrovic, Petar
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences.
    Enhance Inter-service Communication in Supersonic K-Native REST-based Java Microservice Architectures2021Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The accelerating progress in network speeds and computing power permitted the architectural design paradigm to shift from monolithic applications to microservices. The industry moved from single-core and multi-threads, code-heavy applications, running on giant machines 24/7 to smaller machines, multi-cores single threads where computing power and memory consumption are managed very critically. With the advent of this novel approach to designing systems, traditional multi-tier applications have been broken down into hundreds of microservices that can be easily moved around, start, and stop quickly. In this context, scaling assumed a new meaning, rather than scaling up by adding more resources or computing power, now systems are scaled dynamically by adding more microservices instances. This contribution proposes a theoretical study and a practical experiment to investigate, compare and outline the performance improvements aid by the implementation of Protocol Buffers, Google's language-neutral, binary-based representational data interchange format over traditional text-based serialization formats in a modern, Cloud-Native, REST-based Java Microservice architecture. Findings are presented showing promising results regarding the implementation of Protobuf, with a significant reduction in response time (25.1% faster in the best-case scenario) and smaller payload size (72.28% better in the best-case scenario) when compared to traditional textual serialization formats while literature revealed out-of-the-box mechanisms for message versioning with backward compatibility.

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  • 95.
    Bustos, Atma-Sol
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Håkansson, Andreas
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Lund University.
    Linares-Pasten, Javier A.
    Lund University.
    Penarrieta, Jose M.
    Bolivia.
    Nilsson, Lars
    Lund University.
    Interaction between phenolic compounds and lipase: the influence of solubility and presence of particles in the IC50 value2018In: Journal of Food Science, ISSN 0022-1147, E-ISSN 1750-3841, Vol. 83, no 8, p. 2071-2076Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Obesity is one of the principal human health problems and one of the main treatments against it is the inhibition of pancreatic lipase, the main responsible enzyme of lipid digestion. For that purpose, previous studies have tested several phenolic compounds against lipase, without considering their aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions. Because of this, the present study focuses on understanding how the solubility and the presence of particles affect the IC50 value of the interaction between lipase and phenolic compounds present in beverages like fruit juices and teas. Therefore, the inhibitory capacity against pancreatic lipase and the aggregate formation of 9 phenolic compounds (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, cyanidin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and vanillic acid) were analyzed. The results obtained together with the solubility data from literature were treated by principal component analysis and indicate that the IC50 value does not correlate with the solubility or aggregate formation of the phenolic compounds. However, the IC50 values of phenolic compounds which aggregate during the assay conditions have low reproducibility. This study shows that the aggregate formation of phenolic compounds plays an important role during in vitro assays for pancreatic lipase inhibition and should be considered in future experiments as it can lead to false positive results. In terms of particle formation, the flavonoids investigated in this study are more prone to aggregation compared to the phenolic acids.

  • 96.
    Cabaleiro-Lago, Celia
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment Man & Biosphere Health (MABH).
    Lundqvist, Martin
    Lunds universitet.
    The effect of nanoparticles on the structure and enzymatic activity of human carbonic anhydrase I and II2020In: Molecules, ISSN 1431-5157, E-ISSN 1420-3049, Vol. 25, no 19Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) belong to a well characterized group of metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbonic dioxide into bicarbonate. There are currently 15 known human isoforms of carbonic anhydrase with different functions and distribution in the body. This links to the relevance of hCA variants to several diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, mountain sickness, ulcers, osteoporosis, obesity and cancer. This review will focus on two of the human isoforms, hCA I and hCA II. Both are cytosolic enzymes with similar topology and 60% sequence homology but different catalytic efficiency and stability. Proteins in general adsorb on surfaces and this is also the case for hCA I and hCA II. The adsorption process can lead to alteration of the original function of the protein. However, if the function is preserved interesting biotechnological applications can be developed. This review will cover the knowledge about the interaction between hCAs and nanomaterials. We will highlight how the interaction may lead to conformational changes that render the enzyme inactive. Moreover, the importance of different factors on the final effect on hCAs, such as protein stability, protein hydrophobic or charged patches and chemistry of the nanoparticle surface will be discussed.

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  • 97.
    Cardegård, Fanny
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Alléer i Östergötlands län: alléers utbredning och förändring mellan 1868-1877 och idag2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Avenues are a landscape element that consist of both nature and culture and that’s been planted by man for various reason. The Swedish avenues reduces because of that the Trafikverket and the Riksantikvarieämbetet wishes to develop a national basis for avenues. In Östergötland there is no compilation of avenues in historical time because of that the purpose of the study is to examine avenues spread and continuity in Östergötland from 1868 until today. Avenues has the greatest occurence in the flat country. Avenues belonging to manor or factory had changed least from the period 1868-1877 until today which is probably due to avenues belonging to manor or factory already was common under the period 1868-1877. Approach avenues leading to farms has increased in the districts since 1868-1877 which can be linked to the agriculture shiftreform that changed the landscape in the late 19th century and gave rise to avenue plantings in the county. Today’sk avenues are avenues witch mixed tree species uppermost occurring.

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  • 98.
    Carlsson, Felicia
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences.
    Utvärdering av analys av pankreas-specifikt lipas hos hund och katt med Vcheck V200: en prospektiv komparativ studie2021Independent thesis Basic level (professional degree), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Pancreatitis is a common disease in canine and felines and can be diagnosed by measuring the concentration of Canine Pancreas-specific Lipase (cPL) or Feline Pancreas-specific Lipase (fPL) in serum. Based on the concentration of cPL/fPL, the patient is then classified in different diagnostic categories (normal value, gray zone or indication of pancreatitis). Spec cPL and Spec fPL is currently the golden standard method for analysis of cPL and fPL. New methods have been developed for the quantitative measurement of pancreatic lipases. Vcheck V200, being one example, utilizing a fluorescent immunoassay for quantification of the lipase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cPL and fPL analysis on the Vcheck V200 and to examine if there was a significant difference (p≤0,05) when comparing the result from Vcheck V200 with the results from a reference laboratory. The concentration of cPL (n=37) and fPL (n=29) in serum from canine or felines were analyzed using Vcheck V200. The samples were also sent to the reference laboratory where Spec cPL and Spec cPL were performed. A Bland-Altman plot comparison between the two methods showed a large spread for both analysis of cPL and fPL. Comparison of the specific values for analysis of cPL and fPL between the two methods revealed a significant difference (p<0,05). 27% of the dog samples were categorized differently according to the two methods and this difference was significant (p<0,05). 24% of the cat samples were categorized differently and no significant difference were observed (p=0,257). This study indicates that the difference between the two methods was significant, besides the classification of cat samples. Considering this and the lack of quality assurance regarding analysis of fPL due to lack of controls, the cPL/fPL analysis on Vcheck V200 cannot replace the Spec cPL or Spec fPL at present.

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    Utvärdering av analys av pankreas-specifikt lipas hos hund och katt med Vcheck V200: en prospektiv komparativ studie
  • 99.
    Cartwright, Ashley
    et al.
    England.
    Webster, Simon J
    England.
    de Jong, Annika
    Nederländerna.
    Dirven, Richard J
    Nederländerna.
    Bloomer, Lisa D S
    England.
    Al-Buhairan, Ahlam M
    England.
    Budde, Ulrich
    Tyskland.
    Halldén, Christer
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Forskningsmiljön Biomedicin.
    Habart, David
    Tjeckien.
    Goudemand, Jenny
    Frankrike.
    Peake, Ian R
    England.
    Eikenboom, Jeroen C J
    Nederländerna.
    Goodeve, Anne C
    England.
    Hampshire, Daniel J
    England.
    Characterization of large in-frame von Willebrand factor deletions highlights differing pathogenic mechanisms2020In: Blood Advances, ISSN 2473-9529 , E-ISSN 2473-9537, Vol. 4, no 13, p. 2979-2990Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Copy number variation (CNV) is known to cause all von Willebrand disease (VWD) types, although the associated pathogenic mechanisms involved have not been extensively studied. Notably, in-frame CNV provides a unique opportunity to investigate how specific von Willebrand factor (VWF) domains influence the processing and packaging of the protein. Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, this study determined the extent to which CNV contributed to VWD in the Molecular and Clinical Markers for the Diagnosis and Management of Type 1 von Willebrand Disease cohort, highlighting in-frame deletions of exons 3, 4-5, 32-34, and 33-34. Heterozygous in vitro recombinant VWF expression demonstrated that, although deletion of exons 3, 32-34, and 33-34 all resulted in significant reductions in total VWF (P < .0001, P < .001, and P < .01, respectively), only deletion of exons 3 and 32-34 had a significant impact on VWF secretion (P < .0001). High-resolution microscopy of heterozygous and homozygous deletions confirmed these observations, indicating that deletion of exons 3 and 32-34 severely impaired pseudo-Weibel-Palade body (WPB) formation, whereas deletion of exons 33-34 did not, with this variant still exhibiting pseudo-WPB formation similar to wild-type VWF. In-frame deletions in VWD, therefore, contribute to pathogenesis via moderate or severe defects in VWF biosynthesis and secretion.

  • 100.
    Casas, Monica Escolà
    et al.
    Danmark.
    Hansen, Martin
    Danmark.
    Krogh, Kristine A.
    Danmark.
    Styrishave, Bjarne
    Danmark.
    Björklund, Erland
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research environment MoLab.
    Analytical sample preparation strategies for the determination of antimalarial drugs in human whole blood, plasma and urine2014In: Journal of chromatography. B, ISSN 1570-0232, E-ISSN 1873-376X, Vol. 962, p. 109-131Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Antimalarial drugs commonly referred to as antimalarials, include a variety of compounds with different physicochemical properties. There is a lack of information on antimalarial distribution in the body over time after administration, e.g. the drug concentrations in whole blood, plasma, and urine, which must be improved in order to advance curing the parasitic disease malaria. A key problem also lies in that pharmacokinetic studies not always are performed in patient groups that may benefit most of the treatment such as children, pregnancy and lower-weight ethnic populations. Here we review the available sample preparation strategies combined with liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis to determine antimalarials in whole blood, plasma and urine published over the last decade. Sample preparation can be done by protein precipitation, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction or dilution. After LC separation, the preferred detection tool is tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) but other detection methods have been used e.g. UV, fluorescence and electrochemical detection. Major trends for sample preparation of the different groups of antimalarials for each matrix and its detection have been summarized. Finally, the main problems that the researchers have dealt with are highlighted. This information will aid analytical chemists in the development of novel methods for determining existing antimalarials and upcoming new drugs

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