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  • 1.
    Arcombe, Pernilla
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society.
    Sjuksköterskans upplevelse kring aktiv dödshjälp i länder där det numera är tillåtet: en litteraturstudie2011Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Active death help is today a current matter. As a nurse, she will, in her career meet dying patients who want active death help. The nurse's main task is to prevent disease, promote health, restore health and alleviate suffering. Aim: The aim was to elucidate the nurse's experience around active euthanasia in countries where it is now allowed, as in the Netherlands and Belgium. Method: The work is structured as a literature study, which a systematic selection of ten scientific articles selected from the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsykINFO. These were analyzed and presented in three categories. Results: Three categories emerged from the articles' results that became this study's results. The nurses' experience from active euthanasia was an individual experience. The experience varied depending on the patient and the situation. While the nurses experienced conflict with their moral values and laws around active euthanasia, she wanted to at the same time do a good job by ensuring that the patient experienced a good and dignified death as possible. Some nurses felt that the meeting with the patient's relative was not always so easy; however, they felt that it was their duty to take care of them. Conclusion: When the nurse put her personal views to the side, it creates a sense of security in her profession. A good relationship between the two parts is created by open communication. If discussions about the current matter of death and the death process start already in the nurse education, this can cause the knowledge and understanding increases.

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  • 2.
    Bergman, Penny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Glebe, Dag
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap. Danmark.
    Age-related decline in senses and cognition: A Review2021In: Senses and Sciences, ISSN 2284-2489, Vol. 8, no 2, p. 1264-1292Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Age-related decline in the senses is well-known, with a decline in the sensitivity of all senses having been observed. Decline in the senses can be connected to different neurological disorders and cognitive function and may even be a possible predictor of death. 

    Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to find and explore recent literature on the covariation between age-related decline in the different senses and co-existing effects on cognitive ability and quality of life. 

    Results and Discussion: Six themes could be identified, these were: “Decline due to normal ageing?”, “Technical aids and solutions”, “Wellbeing”, “Memory training”, “Verbal exercises” and “Sensory training”. Large differences between the different senses were obtained. However, the senses showed similar patterns in the different themes. 

    Conclusion: It could be concluded that there are many similarities concerning the connections between the decline in individual senses and cognition and memory. Measurements of wellbeing and quality of life are common in the evaluation of the senses, and all types of decline have an impact on activities in daily life.  

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  • 3.
    Bhatt, Meghna
    et al.
    Kenya.
    Hedov, Gerth
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment Children's and Young People's Health in Social Context (CYPHiSCO).
    Modi, Bhavesh
    An explorative study comparing the knowledge of tobacco use and tobacco cessation program among school going boys and girls: a study in Ahmedabad district in Western India2018In: National Journal of Community Medicine, ISSN 0976-3325, National Journal of Community Medicine, ISSN 0976-3325, Vol. 9, no 6, p. 457-462Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract:

    Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is the study of finger prints from toes, fingers palms, and soles of animals and humans. Dermatoglyphic examination is opening up as an exceptionally tool for initial investigations into circumstances with an alleged genetic basis. The current study was conducted to determine worthiness of dermatoglyphics in prophesying genetic vulnerability of children to dental caries via cost-effective means.

    Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken on 100 children of age group between 4–14 years divided equally into two groups namely: Caries-free group (def/DMF score “0”) and Caries group (def/DMF score more than or equal to “5”). Both were subdivided into 25 males and 25 females. Each child’s handprints were taken and observed for dermatoglyphic pattern; total finger ridge count TFRc and atd angle.

    Results: Whorls were found more in caries group whereas ulnar loops were more common in caries free group. Total finger ridge count was significantly higher in caries group. The atd angles did not show any significant differences among caries and caries free group.

    Conclusion: Dermatoglyphic pattern variation may be an impor-tant tool in identification of people at risk of developing dental caries, which will enable an early detection and prevention of the disease.

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  • 4.
    Blidal, Tünde
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science.
    Schüler, Elise
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science.
    Livet efter Sepsis: En litteraturöversikt2019Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund: Globalt drabbas 30 miljoner människor varje år av sepsis varav ca 5 miljoner människor dör. Forskning har fokuserat på överlevnad och den kunskapen har gjort att fler överlever. En tredjedel av de personer som överlevt sepsis drabbas av restsymtom och en sjättedel får kvarstående men för livet. Livskvalitet är en subjektiv upplevelse av välbefinnande och är beroende av flera faktorer. Hälso- och sjukvården ska bedriva personcentrerad omvårdnad och se patienten i sin helhet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva livskvalitet hos patienter som överlevt sepsis. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en litteraturöversikt och rymmer 18 artiklar. Datainsamling har skett i databaserna Cinahl Complete, PubMed samt PsycINFO. Resultat: Totalt 17 kvantitativa artiklar och en kvalitativ artikel inkluderades i litteraturöversikten. Resultatet visar att personer som överlevt sepsis blir påverkade inom fyra domäner; fysisk-, kognitiv-, psykisk- och social livskvalitet. Diskussion: Personer som överlever sepsis har ökad risk för fysisk, kognitiv, psykisk och social påverkan på livskvaliteten och söker i stor utsträckning vård. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap kring de restsymtom som personerna kan drabbas av, en förståelse för det den gått igenom och en uppfattning om hur detta kan påverka deras livskvalitet.

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  • 5.
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    et al.
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Wilcox, Gisela
    Monash University.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
    Strauss, Boyd J
    Monash University.
    Skeletal muscle mass in hospitalized elderly patients: comparison of measurements by single-frequency BIA and DXA2014In: Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0261-5614, E-ISSN 1532-1983, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 426-431Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is increasing interest in estimating skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in clinical practice. We aimed to validate a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equation for SMM, developed in a different healthy elderly population, in a population of hospital patients aged 70 and over, by comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) SMM estimates. Comparison was also made with two other previously published BIA muscle prediction equations.

    METHODS: Muscle measurements by BIA and DXA were compared in 117 patients with a range of clinical conditions (45 female, 72 male, mean age 75 years).

    RESULTS: The BIA equation used yielded an accurate estimate of DXA-derived SMM. Mean (SD) difference was 0.26(1.79) kg (ns). The two other BIA equations over-estimated SMM compared to DXA (both p < 0.001), but all equations were highly correlated.

    CONCLUSIONS: The BIA equation used, developed in a different healthy elderly population, gave an accurate estimate of DXA-derived SMM in a population with various clinical disorders. BIA appears potentially capable to estimate SMM in clinical disorders, but the optimal approach to its use for this purpose requires further investigation.

  • 6.
    Dagner, Viveka
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Clausson, Eva
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment Children's and Young People's Health in Social Context (CYPHiSCO). Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Jakobsson, Liselotte
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Prescribed physical activity maintenance following exercise based cardiac rehabilitation: factors predicting low physical activity2019In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, ISSN 1474-5151, E-ISSN 1873-1953, Vol. 18, no 1, p. 21-27Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Physical activity is important to reduce mortality, morbidity and risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. This report evaluates to what extent patients are still physically active following an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme 12-14 months post-myocardial infarction and factors predicting why not.

    METHODS: Data from the National Quality Registry Swedeheart with post-myocardial infarction patients ( n=368) admitted from July 2012 to November 2014 were collected with outcomes of physical activity after 12-14 months. Baseline data included demographics, clinical variables, participation in exercise programmes, prescribed physical activity, health-related quality of life and self-reported health (EQ-5D-3L/EQ-VAS). A direct binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify indicators of low physical activity.

    RESULTS: Physical activity frequency per week (PA/week) was low, i.e. zero to three times, in older patients over 64 years ( P=0.00) and in those having problems with pain/discomfort (138 PA/week vs. 195) ( P=0.01), problems with mobility (60 PA/week vs.273) ( P=0.04) and anxiety/depression (128 PA/week vs. 205) ( P=0.04).

    CONCLUSION: Indicators predicting low physical activity can be used targeting improved post-myocardial infarction care outlining person-centred rehabilitation programmes and specialist nursing-led programmes.

  • 7.
    Edberg, Anna-Karin
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society.
    Du kan själv ta hand om besvär med hälsan2009In: Livslots för äldre, Vårdalsinstitutet , 2009, p. 46-63Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 8.
    Edberg, Anna-Karin
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health.
    Landahl, Sten
    Hur du använder läkemedel2009In: Livslots för seniorer, Stockholm: Hjälpmedelsinstitutet , 2009, 1, p. 65-75Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 9. Eiben, G
    et al.
    Andersson, C S
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Sundh, V
    Steen, B
    Lissner, L
    Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes: cohort comparisons over three decades2004In: Public Health Nutrition, ISSN 1368-9800, E-ISSN 1475-2727, Vol. 7, no 5, p. 637-644Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000.

    Setting: Göteborg, Sweden.

    Design: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts.

    Results: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men.

    Conclusions: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population.

  • 10. Eiben, G
    et al.
    Dey, D K
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Steen, B
    Bjorkelund, C
    Bengtsson, C
    Lissner, L
    Obesity in 70-year-old Swedes: Secular changes over 30 years2005In: International Journal of Obesity, ISSN 0307-0565, E-ISSN 1476-5497, Vol. 29, no 7, p. 810-817Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE:

    Secular increases in obesity have been widely reported in middle-aged adults, but less is known about such trends among the elderly. The primary purpose of this paper is to document the most recent wave of the obesity epidemic in population-based samples of 70-y-old men and women from Göteborg. Additionally, we will investigate the influences of physical activity, smoking and education on these secular trends.

    POPULATIONS AND METHODS:

    Five population-based samples of 3702 70-y-olds (1669 men and 2033 women) in Göteborg, Sweden, born between 1901 and 1930, were examined in the Gerontological and Geriatric Population Studies (H70) between 1971 and 2000. Cohort differences in anthropometric measures were the main outcomes studied. Physical activity, smoking habits and education were assessed by comparable methods in all cohorts. Subsamples of the women in the latest two cohorts (birth years 1922 and 1930) were also part of the Prospective Population Study of Women in Göteborg. In these women, it was possible to examine body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) longitudinally since 1968.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:

    Significant upward trends were found for height, weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), WHR, prevalence of overweight (BMI25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI30 kg/m2) across cohorts in both sexes. In 2000, 20% of the 70-y-old men born in 1930 were obese, and the largest increment (almost doubling) had occurred between the early 1980s and the early 1990s. In 70-y-old women the prevalence of obesity was 24% in 2000, a 50% increase compared to the cohort born 8 y earlier. BMI increased over time in all physical activity, smoking and education groups, with the exception of never-smoking men. Although 70-y-old women in 2000 were heavier than cohorts examined 8 y previously, data from the women studied longitudinally revealed that these differences were already present in earlier adulthood. In conclusion, the elderly population is very much part of the obesity epidemic, although secular trends in BMI were detected slightly earlier in men than in women. The health implications of these secular trends should be focused on in future gerontological research

  • 11.
    Gardsten, Cecilia
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Sjuksköterskeutbildningarna. Linnéuniversitetet.
    Blomqvist, Kerstin
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Mörtberg, Christina
    Linnéuniversitetet.
    Personcentrerad IKT-tjänst för personer med typ 2-diabetes2018Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Diabetestyp 2 är en vanlig kronisk sjukdom med stort fokus på egenvård. Sjukdomen kräver livslång och regelbunden kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården för rådgivning och uppföljning. För att kunna erbjuda en tjänst som svarar upp till behoven vid egenvård behövs insikter om hur personer med typ 2-diabetes uppfattar sin situation. Det finns därför behov av att utveckla hälsovård ur ett användarcentrerat perspektiv. Deltagarbaserad design är en forskningsstrategi som har för avsikt att involvera människor för att ge dem inflytande i designprocessen.

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  • 12.
    Garmy, Pernilla
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment Children's and Young People's Health in Social Context (CYPHiSCO). Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Recension av boken ”Sömn sömn sömn”2019In: Sömn och hälsa, ISSN 2003-234X, no 1, p. 57-58Article, book review (Other academic)
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  • 13.
    Garmy, Pernilla
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment Children's and Young People's Health in Social Context (CYPHiSCO). Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Stress, smärta och läkemedel2019In: Skolhälsan, ISSN 0284-284X, no 1, p. 18-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Över hälften av flickorna och en tredjedel av pojkarna på gymnasiet har ofta huvudvärk, magkont eller ryggsmärta. Elever som dessutom känner sig nedstämda använder smärtstillande läkemedel i högre utsträckning. 

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  • 14.
    Giacalone, Davide
    et al.
    Danmark.
    Wendin, Karin
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Resrarch environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Kremer, Stefanie
    Nederländerna.
    Bom Frøst, Michael
    Danmark.
    Bredie, Wender L. P.
    Danmark.
    Olsson, Viktoria
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Resrarch environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Otto, Marie H.
    Danmark.
    Skjoldborg, Signe
    Danmark.
    Lindberg, Ulla
    SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden.
    Risvik, Einar
    Norge.
    Health and quality of life in an aging population – food and beyond2016In: Food Quality and Preference, ISSN 0950-3293, E-ISSN 1873-6343, Vol. 47, no Part B, p. 166-170Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In Europe the percentage of citizens aged 65 and over is increasing at an unprecedented rate, and is expected to account for over 30% of the population by 2050. Coupled with an increase in life expectancy, this massive demographic change calls for a major effort to ensure quality of life in our older population. A thorough understanding of the elderly as food consumers, their nutritional needs, their food perception and preferences are increasingly needed. The role of food in healthy aging was a prominent theme at the 6th European Conference on Sensory and Consumer Research, which had quality of life across the life span as a focal point. This short paper is based on a workshop held at the EuroSense meeting, focusing on research from sensory and consumer scientists. The workshop featured contributions focusing on food-related perception, needs and behavior of the elderly, and aimed at demonstrating the relevance of sensory and consumer scientists in promoting food-related well-being in an aging population. The workshop contributions are here reviewed and summarized three main themes: nutritional needs, food perception and aging, and behavioral drivers of food consumption.

  • 15.
    Gustafsson, Matilda
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    Mikkelsen, Florina
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science.
    "Kanske för mycket vetebröd": Attityder till och vanor kring mellanmål bland personer över 65 år2018Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Food and meals are of great importance for preventing age-related health problems. Older adults need more dietary protein to support good health and a snack is a great way for them to get more protein. Studying attitudes and habits among people over the age of 65 can provide a deeper understanding of what kind of food and snacks choices they make. This can also be used as a basis for health promotion intended for elderly people. Aim: To study attitudes and habits towards snacks among people over 65 years. The questions asked in the study focused on what factors influencing the choices of snacks, if high-protein dairy products are eaten as a snack and how these products are regarded. Material and method: A quantitative study was conducted using a survey, where a convenience sampling was made. Results: A majority ate one-two snacks per day and these mostly consisted of fruit/vegetables, sandwiches or cookies/pastries. The main motive for snacking was to drink forenoon/afternoon coffee. There was some difference between men and women when it came to attitudes to snacks. The factors that affected the choices of snacks the most were that they should be tasty, simple and healthy. That the snack should be high in protein was of least importance. Conclusion: Snacking was associated with drinking forenoon/afternoon coffee and consequently future efforts to promote and develop protein-enriched cakes, cookies and pastries can help people over 65 years to easier acquire their protein need. Awareness about the importance of high-protein snacks appears to be lacking in the targeted population, however the generalisation of the results from this study is limited because of the convenience sampling.

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  • 16.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Occupational Therapy, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Edberg, Anna-Karin
    Vårdalsinstitutet och Lunds universitet.
    Johansson, Boo
    Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve
    The Vårdal Institute, The Swedish Institute for Health Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Multi-component health promotion and disease prevention for community-dwelling frail elderly persons: a systematic review2009In: European Journal of Ageing, ISSN 1613-9372, E-ISSN 1613-9380, Vol. 6, no 4, p. 315-329Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective was to investigate definitions of frailty used in studies of multi-component health promotion and disease-preventive (HPDP) intervention programmes for community-dwelling frail elderly persons and to review the content, organisation and effects of HPDP interventions. A systematic review of 19 articles was made, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as a structural framework for the analysis. The result shows that a consensus was reached on including various aspects of impairments in body functions and structures as an integral part of the frailty concept, with the exception of one subgroup: mental/cognitive functions. Additionally, opinions varied quite consistently regarding aspects of activity limitations and participation restrictions, personal and environmental factors. Ten of the 14 HPDP programmes covered various intervention elements referring to all four ICF components. Eleven programmes involved registered personnel only, while a more divergent pattern was seen in the remaining organisational aspects of the interventions: length of interventions and location plus age segments, participatory approach and contextual information, as well as the theoretical foundation of the interventions. Measures of body functions and structures were significantly improved in 5 out of 17 (29%) targeted aspects. For activity and participation, 12 out of 32 (38%) targeted aspects were positively changed, while the score for environmental factors was 7 out of 22 (32%), and for personal factors 8 out of 22 (36%). Our review suggests that further research is needed to explore and disentangle the complex interrelationships between various interventions and outcomes.

  • 17.
    Gustafsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg.
    Eklund, Kajsa
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg.
    Wilhelmson, Katarina
    Vårdalinstitutet, The Swedish Institute for Health Sciences, Gothenburg/Lund.
    Edberg, Anna-Karin
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Hälsovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Forskningsplattformen Hälsa i samverkan.
    Johansson, Boo
    Vårdalinstitutet, The Swedish Institute for Health Sciences, Gothenburg/Lund.
    Häggblom Kronlöf, Greta
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg.
    Gosman-Hedström, Gunilla
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg.
    Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve
    Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg.
    Long-term outcome for ADL following the health-promoting RCT: elderly persons in the risk zone2013In: The Gerontologist, ISSN 0016-9013, E-ISSN 1758-5341, Vol. 53, no 4, p. 654-663Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: To examine independence in activities of daily living (ADL) at the 1- and 2-year follow-ups of the health-promoting study Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone.

    Design and Method: A randomized, three-armed, single-blind, and controlled study. A representative sample of 459 independent and community-dwelling older adults, 80 years and older, were included. A preventive home visit was compared with four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings including a follow-up home visit.

    Results: Analysis showed a significant difference in favor of the senior meetings in postponing dependence in ADL at the 1-year follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–3.10) and also in reducing dependence in three (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31–0.86) and four or more ADL (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22–0.72) at the 2-year follow-up. A preventive home visit reduced dependence in two (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24–0.68) and three or more ADL (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17–0.80) after 1 year.

    Implications: A long-term evaluation of Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone showed that both senior meetings and a preventive home visit reduced the extent of dependence in ADL after 1 year. The senior meetings were superior to a preventive home visit since additional significant effects were seen after 2 years. To further enhance the long-term effects of the senior meetings and support the process of self-change in health behavior, it is suggested that booster sessions might be a good way of reinforcing the intervention.

  • 18. Gustafsson, Susanne
    et al.
    Wilhelmson, Katarina
    Eklund, Kajsa
    Gosman-Hedström, Gunilla
    Zidén, Lena
    Kronlöf, Greta H
    Højgaard, Betina
    Slinde, Frode
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.
    Landahl, Sten
    Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve
    Health-promoting interventions for persons aged 80 and older are successful in the short term: results from the randomized and three-armed Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone study2012In: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society, ISSN 0002-8614, E-ISSN 1532-5415, Vol. 60, no 3, p. 447-454Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: To examine the outcomes of the Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone study, which was designed to evaluate whether it is possible to delay deterioration if a health-promoting intervention is made when an older adult (≥80) is at risk of becoming frail and whether a multiprofessional group intervention is more effective in delaying deterioration than a single preventive home visit with regard to frailty, self-rated health, and activities of daily living (ADLs) at 3-month follow-up.

    DESIGN: Randomized, three-armed, single-blind, controlled trial performed between November 2007 and May 2011.

    SETTING: Two urban districts of Gothenburg, Sweden.

    PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred fifty-nine community-living adults aged 80 and older not dependent on the municipal home help service.

    INTERVENTION: A preventive home visit or four weekly multiprofessional senior group meetings with one follow-up home visit.

    MEASUREMENTS: Change in frailty, self-rated health, and ADLs between baseline and 3-month follow-up.

    RESULTS: Both interventions delayed deterioration of self-rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-3.54). Senior meetings were the most beneficial intervention for postponing dependence in ADLs (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.14-3.33). No effect on frailty could be demonstrated.

    CONCLUSION: Health-promoting interventions made when older adults are at risk of becoming frail can delay deterioration in self-rated health and ADLs in the short term. A multiprofessional group intervention such as the senior meetings described seems to have a greater effect on delaying deterioration in ADLs than a single preventive home visit. Further research is needed to examine the outcome in the long term and in different contexts.

  • 19.
    Hadid, Kadija
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Lindberg, Tatiana
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Vi tackar för maten!: ensamstående äldres upplevda matsituation med hemtjänst2017Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: The number of elderly in Sweden is increasing and calculations show that there will be over one million people in Sweden over 80 years of age year 2045. There are more and more elderly people who choose to live in their own homes which means that more resources are required to meet their needs. Studying the experienced food situation of care recipients is important in understanding the health, social and socio-economic risks that a lack of food intake can result in.

    Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of elderly care recipient’s food situation, whom are living alone with home care in order to gain insight into which improvement actions are needed. The focus was on meal arrangements, the feelings about their food situation and their meal environment.

    Materials and methods: A qualitative study was implemented in the form of in-depth interviews with individuals as well as observations of served food and existing food in the informant's home. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The informants consisted of six care recipients between the ages of 77 and 96 from municipalities Höör and Simrishamn.

    Results: The result shows that the informants are satisfied with the food they receive from the home service. There is an underlying dissatisfaction with how the food is served, adaptation to the home service schedules and company during meals.

    Conclusion: Based on the study, it has been shown that care recipients are grateful for the help they receive from home care services, but there are indications that improvements are needed regarding home care’s knowledge and planning of meals. It is not possible to generalize the results because of the limited extent, however, there are opportunities for future actions and research on, for example, special needs regarding food content, consistency and meal arrangements for the elderly.

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  • 20.
    Hagell, Peter
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Measuring activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease: on a road to nowhere and back again?2019In: Measurement, ISSN 0263-2241, E-ISSN 1873-412X, Vol. 132, p. 109-124Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with increasing disability and limitations in performance of activities of daily living (ADL) despite availability of effective symptomatic therapy. Following an overview of classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch measurement theory (RMT), the case of a clinical PD trial aiming to demonstrate ADL improvements by using the ADL section (part II) of the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) to measure ADL outcomes is considered and central questions related to its validity and interpretation are addressed. It is found that while CTT did not detect any issues, RMT in combination with conceptual considerations seriously challenged the role of the UPDRS II as an ADL outcome measure. Results are discussed from historical, methodological and clinical perspectives. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 21.
    Hellström, Amanda
    et al.
    Linnaeus University.
    Hagell, Peter
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Broström, Anders
    Jönköping University.
    Ulander, Martin
    Linköping University.
    Luik, Annemarie I
    University of Oxford.
    Espie, Colin A
    University of Oxford.
    Årestedt, Kristofer
    Linnaeus University.
    A classical test theory evaluation of the sleep condition indicator accounting for the ordinal nature of item response data2019In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 14, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Insomnia symptoms are common among young adults and affect about 5% to 26% of 19 to 34-year-olds. In addition, insomnia is associated with poor mental health and may affect daily performance. In research, as well as in clinical practice, sleep questionnaires are used to screen for and diagnose insomnia. However, most questionnaires are not developed according to current DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. An exception is the recently developed Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), an eight-item scale screening for insomnia.

    AIM: The aim of this study was to perform a Classical Test Theory (CTT) based psychometric evaluation of the SCI in a sample of Swedish university students, by taking the ordinal nature of item level data into account.

    METHODS: The SCI was translated into Swedish and distributed online to undergraduate students at three Swedish universities, within programs of health, psychology, science or economy. Of 3673 invited students, 634 (mean age 26.9 years; SD = 7.4) completed the questionnaire that, in addition to the SCI, comprised other scales on sleep, stress, lifestyle and students' study environment. Data were analyzed according to CTT investigating data completeness, item homogeneity and unidimensionality.

    RESULTS: Polychoric based explorative factor analysis suggested unidimensionality of the SCI, and internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha, 0.91; ordinal alpha, 0.94). SCI scores correlated with the Insomnia Severity Index (-0.88) as well as with sleep quality (-0.85) and perceived stress (-0.50), supporting external construct validity.

    CONCLUSIONS: These observations support the integrity of the of the SCI. The SCI demonstrates sound CTT-based psychometric properties, supporting its use as an insomnia screening tool.

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  • 22.
    Lind, Susanne
    et al.
    Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola.
    Wallin, Lars
    Karolinska institutet.
    Fürst, Carl Johan
    Lunds universitet och Region Skåne.
    Beck, Ingela
    Lunds universitet.
    The integrated palliative care outcome scale for patients with palliative care needs: factors related to and experiences of the use in acute care settings2019In: Palliative & Supportive Care, ISSN 1478-9515, E-ISSN 1478-9523, Vol. 17, no 5, p. 561-568Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVE: Implementation of patient-reported outcome measures for patients with palliative care needs is characterized by both enablers and barriers. The ways in which healthcare professionals experience the use of assessment tools is important. Our aims were to explore factors contributing to or hindering patients with palliative care needs in assessing their symptoms with the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) and to explore healthcare professionals' experiences of the use of IPOS in acute care settings.

    METHOD: Data were collected as a part of the evaluation of the feasibility of an implementation strategy for introducing IPOS. Data from three participating acute care units were included. We used descriptive and analytical statistics; a qualitative content analysis was also performed.ResultA total of 309 patients were eligible to be offered assessment of symptoms with IPOS. Of these 69 (22%) had completed IPOS. A significant positive association was found between healthcare professionals' participation in training sessions and completed IPOS. The experiences of IPOS were split into two categories: "IPOS acting as a facilitator" and "barriers to the use of IPOS." The use of IPOS was described as contributing to person-centered care of patients with palliative care needs and inspiration to improved routines. Healthcare professionals' feelings of uncertainty about how to approach severely ill patients and their family members appear to have hindered their use of IPOS.Significance of resultsWe found an association between healthcare professionals' participation in training sessions and patients who completed IPOS, indicating the need for a high degree of attendance at the training to achieve successful implementation. The healthcare professionals expressed feelings of insecurity concerning the use of IPOS indicating a need for further education and clinical support in its use of IPOS. Nevertheless, use of IPOS was considered to contribute to improved care of patients with palliative care needs.

  • 23.
    Lindblad, A
    et al.
    Gothenburg University.
    Dahlin-Ivanoff, S.
    Gothenburg University.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet. Gothenburg University.
    Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden, a cross-sectional study2014In: Journal of Frailty & Aging, ISSN 2260-1341, E-ISSN 2273-4309, Vol. 3, no 1, p. 65-65Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.

    Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).

    Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).

    Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.

  • 24.
    Lind-Halldén, Christina
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Forskningsmiljön Biomedicin. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Manderstedt, Eric
    Kristianstad University, Plattformen för molekylär analys. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Carlberg, Daniel
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Forskningsmiljön Biomedicin. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Lethagen, Stefan
    Skåne University Hospital in Malmö.
    Halldén, Christer
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Forskningsmiljön Biomedicin. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för miljö- och biovetenskap.
    Genetic variation in the syntaxin-binding protein STXBP5 in type 1 von Willebrand disease patients2018In: Thrombosis and haemostasis, ISSN 2567-689X, Vol. 118, no 8, p. 1382-1389Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels in healthy individuals and in patients with type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) are influenced by genetic variation in several genes, for example, VWF, ABO and STXBP5. Here, we comprehensively screen for STXBP5 variants and investigate their association with type 1 VWD in Swedish patients and controls. The coding region of the STXBP5 gene was re-sequenced in 107 type 1 VWD patients and the detected variants were genotyped in the type 1 VWD population and a Swedish control population (464 individuals). The functional effects of missense alleles were predicted in silico and the pattern of genetic variation in STXBP5 was analysed. Re-sequencing of 107 type 1 VWD patients identified three missense and three synonymous variants in the coding sequence of STXBP5. The low-frequency missense variants rs144099092 (0.005) and rs148830578 (0.029) were predicted to be damaging, but were not accumulated in patients. No other rare candidate mutations were detected. STXBP5 showed a high level of linkage disequilibrium and a low overall nucleotide diversity of π = 3.2 × 10-4 indicating intolerance to variants affecting protein function. Three previously type 1 VWD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were located on one haplotype that showed an increased frequency in patients versus controls. No differences in messenger ribonucleic acid abundance among haplotypes could be found using Genotype-Tissue Expression project data. In conclusion, a haplotype containing the STXBP5 Asn436Ser (rs1039084) mutation is associated with type 1 VWD and no rare STXBP5 mutations contribute to type 1 VWD in the Swedish population.

  • 25.
    Lindholm, Beata
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Nilsson, Maria H
    Lund University.
    Hansson, Oskar
    Lund University.
    Hagell, Peter
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    The clinical significance of 10-m walk test standardizations in Parkinson's disease2018In: Journal of Neurology, ISSN 0340-5354, E-ISSN 1432-1459, Vol. 265, no 8, p. 1829-1835Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The 10-m walk test (10MWT) is a widely used measure of gait speed in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is unclear if different standardizations of its conduct impact test results.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: We examined the clinical significance of two aspects of the standardization of the 10MWT in mild PD: static vs. dynamic start, and a single vs. repeated trials. Implications for fall prediction were also explored.

    METHODS: 151 people with PD (mean age and PD duration, 68 and 4 years, respectively) completed the 10MWT in comfortable gait speed with static and dynamic start (two trials each), and gait speed (m/s) was recorded. Participants then registered all prospective falls for 6 months.

    RESULTS: Absolute mean differences between outcomes from the various test conditions ranged between 0.016 and 0.040 m/s (effect sizes, 0.06-0.14) with high levels of agreement (intra-class correlation coefficients, 0.932-0.987) and small standard errors of measurement (0.032-0.076 m/s). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed similar discriminate abilities for prediction of future falls across conditions (areas under curves, 0.70-0.73). Cut-off points were estimated at 1.1-1.2 m/s.

    CONCLUSIONS: Different 10MWT standardizations yield very similar results, suggesting that there is no practical need for an acceleration distance or repeated trials when conducting this test in mild PD.

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  • 26.
    Litsfeldt, Sofie
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science.
    Association between sleep habits and being overweight among adolescents in Southern Sweden.: A cross-sectional study.2018Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The link between sleep and Body Mass Index (BMI) is poorly understood and existing literature on the topic is contradictory. Aim: To investigate the association between Body Mass Index [BMI] and sleep habits in adolescents in Sweden. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses data obtained from the self-reported questionnaires of 1518 (50.7% female) 13- to 15 year-olds in southern Sweden. Questions were on sleep and lifestyle habits and general demographics including height and weight. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze sleep duration, bedtime and rising time, controlling for covariates. Results: The only sleep related variable associated with overweight/obesity was sleep duration on weekends, where longer sleep duration decreased the likelihood of being overweight or obese. Conclusion: This study found that longer sleep duration during weekends was associated with not being overweight. Modifying sleep habits in adolescents is a potential target for obesity intervention and this information is particularly well-suited for school nurses to disseminate to students and their parents.

  • 27. Lundin, Susanne
    et al.
    Nagy, Sebastian
    Khalaf, Atika
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences.
    Nilsson, Marie
    Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Oral hälsa och folkhälsovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Forskningsmiljön Man - Health - Society (MHS). Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health.
    Sömnproblem bland cancerpatienter i palliativ vård2019In: Sömn och hälsa, ISSN 2003-234X, no 1, p. 46-56Article in journal (Other academic)
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  • 28.
    Muthucumarana, Muditha W.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science.
    Caring for stroke survivors: Experience of family caregivers in Sri Lanka2017Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Stroke is a life changing event for both stroke survivor and the family caregiver. After the acute care at the hospital, the stroke survivors are discharged with many disabilities and the family members are supposed to take care of them at home and continue treatment and rehabilitation. The new role of ‘informal caregiver’ give rise many problems and difficulties for them and in order to identify those, exploring their experience on providing informal care was needed. An explorative descriptive study with qualitative approach was conducted with the participation of 10 family caregivers who were providing informal care to their stroke survivors treated at the stroke unit of the National hospital Sri Lanka. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. Qualitative analysis of data, resulted in an overriding theme; ‘Caring with love, against all odds’ along with four main categories ‘Life alterations’, ‘Lack of resources’, ‘Compassionate care’ and ‘Coping strategies’. Increased workload, physical problems and restricted social life were highlighted within the life alterations and knowledge and financial deficits were the resources family caregivers mainly lacked. Findings of the study emphasized the importance of further assessments and strategies to address burning issues of stroke family caregivers in order to promote the health and well-being of both stroke survivors and their families.

  • 29.
    Nivestam, Anna
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health.
    Haak, Maria
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Forskningsmiljön Man - Health - Society (MHS).
    Westergren, Albert
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Lunds universitet.
    Petersson, Pia
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Forskningsmiljön Man - Health - Society (MHS).
    Information from preventive home visits can give older persons a voice in the society2021Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 30. Nordén, Johanna
    et al.
    Grönberg, AnneMarie
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    Bertéus Forslund, Heléne
    Hulthén, Lena
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg.
    Karlsson, Jan
    Wallengren, Ola
    Slinde, Frode
    Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    RATIONALE: Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat free mass depletion.

    METHODS: The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62 % females). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires; Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and Disease Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).

    RESULTS: Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared to men (p<0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (FFMI < 15 kg/m² for women and FFMI < 16 kg/m² for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (p<0.05), and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared to non-depleted (p < 0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Nutrition impact symptoms are common in patients with COPD and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and if NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.

  • 31.
    Norin, Lizette
    et al.
    Lunds universitet.
    Slaug, Bjäorn
    Lunds universitet.
    Haak, Maria
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nursing and Integrated Health Sciences. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Forskningsmiljön Man - Health - Society (MHS). Lunds universitet.
    Iwarsson, Susanne
    Lunds universitet.
    Housing adaptations and housing accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing spinal cord injury2020In: British Journal of Occupational Therapy, ISSN 0308-0226, E-ISSN 1477-6006, p. 1-10, article id 0308022620979516Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction: Adults with spinal cord injuries are living longer than previously, and a majority are living in ordinary housing in the community. Housing accessibility is important for maintaining independent occupational performance for this population, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. We investigated housing adaptations and current accessibility problems among older adults with long-standing (>10 years) spinal cord injuries. Method: Data from home visits among 122 older adults with spinal cord injuries in Sweden were used. Housing adaptations and environmental barriers were descriptively analysed. Findings: Kitchens, entrances, and hygiene areas were common locations for housing adaptations and environmental barriers that generated accessibility problems. The most common adaptations were ramps, wheelchair-accessible stovetops, and ceiling-lifts. Wall-mounted cupboards and high shelves (kitchen), inaccessible storage areas (outside the dwelling), and a lack of grabbars (hygiene area) generated the most accessibility problems. Conclusion: Despite housing adaptations, there are considerable accessibility problems in the dwellings of older adults with long-standing spinal cord injuries in Sweden, indicating that long-term follow-up of the housing situation of this population is necessary. Focusing on accessible housing as a prerequisite for occupational performance is at the core of occupational therapy, deserving attention on the individual as well as the societal level.

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  • 32.
    Ottosson, Maria
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Stuhre, Annika
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment.
    Barns delaktighet: en kvalitativ studie kring utvecklingen av mellanmål i förskolan2017Independent thesis Basic level (university diploma), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Inledning: Flertal barn spenderar mycket tid på förskolan i Sverige, vilket innebär att de äter flera mål mat där om dagen. Barnen har rätt till att uttrycka sina åsikter och de vuxna ska ta det i beaktande. Maten och måltiderna är en central del av deras tillvaro på förskolan och därför viktiga att få påverka och ha inflytande över. Syfte: Hur kan barn göras delaktiga i att utveckla och förbättra mellanmålsalternativen på förskolan? Material och metod: En kvalitativ studie med 5-6 åriga barn har gjorts, där barnen har ritat och diskuterat sitt favoritmellanmål i fokusgrupper. Sedan har ett sensoriskt gillandetest gjorts på nyutvecklade mellanmål där recepten grundar sig på barnens favoritmellanmål. Resultat: När barnen uttrycker vad ett gott mellanmål är så är det främst smaken de utgår ifrån och till viss del utseendet. Favoritmellanmålet är pannkakor och de mest omtyckta smakerna är jordgubbe, vanilj och banan. Det sensoriska gillandetestet visade att barnen kunde bedöma mellanmålen med hjälp av smileys. Slutsats: Ett gott mellanmål för barnen smakar bra och ser tilltalande ut. Barn kan göras delaktiga genom att på olika sätt uttrycka sig via olika visuella metoder och tycka till om mellanmålen genom att använda smileys. Dock kan det finnas utmaningar och svårigheter med att göra barnen delaktiga då det kan vara svårt att tolka och få fram deras idéer och synpunkter samt att barnens önskningar inte alltid överensstämmer med hur näringsinnehållet bör vara, men genom att använda flera visuella metoder kan de uttrycka sina åsikter och göras delaktiga.

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  • 33.
    Rantala, Andreas
    et al.
    Lund University & Linneaus University.
    Behm, Lina
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science. Lund University.
    Rosén, Helena
    Lund University.
    Quality is in the eye of the beholder: a focus group study from the perspective of ambulance clinicians, physicians, and managers2019In: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), ISSN 2227-9032, Vol. 7, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Quality within all areas of healthcare should be systemically monitored and ensured. However, the definition of quality is complex and diverse. In the ambulance service (AS), quality has traditionally been defined as response time, but this measurement eliminates the possibility of addressing other characteristics of quality, such as the care provided. This study aimed to explore what constitutes quality in the context of the ambulance service as experienced by ambulance clinicians, physicians, and managers. A focus group study was conducted with 18 participants. The three focus groups were analyzed with the focus group method developed by Kreuger and Casey. The participants highlighted patient involvement, information and care, as well as adherence to policies, regulations, and their own standards as representing quality in the AS. This study demonstrates that quality is in the eye of the beholder. As quality seems to be viewed similarly by patients and ambulance clinicians, physicians, and managers, stakeholders should aim for a paradigm shift where patients' experience of the care is just as important as various time measures.

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  • 34.
    Rask, Marie
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Linnaeus University.
    Swahnberg, Katarina
    Linnaeus University.
    Oscarsson, Marie
    Linnaeus University.
    Notification of an abnormal Pap smear result: an intervention study2018In: European Journal of Cancer Care, ISSN 0961-5423, E-ISSN 1365-2354, Vol. 28, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aims to assess whether notification of an abnormal Pap smear result via a phone call, delivered by a trained healthcare provider, has an effect on women's HRQoL, coping and awareness of HPV. For this intervention study, women were consecutively recruited from a women's health clinic in Sweden. Women in the intervention group (n = 113) were notified of their Pap smear result via a phone call by a trained healthcare provider, while those in the comparison group (n = 122) were notified via a standard letter. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The results found no significant differences between the groups for HRQoL. However, 42.5% of women in the intervention group versus 48.3% in the comparison group reported anxiety. Women in the intervention group were more satisfied with the manner in which they were notified of their abnormal result than those in the comparison group (92.0% vs. 67.2%; p < 0.001), more aware of HPV (71% vs. 50%; p = 0.001), and called healthcare services less often (10.6% vs. 18.0%; p = 0.113), no significance. In conclusion, notification of an abnormal Pap smear result via a phone call does not increase women's HRQoL or reduce their anxiety.

  • 35.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet.
    Body composition and physical function in healthy community-dwelling older adults in Sweden: a cross-sectional study2014Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Limited data are available on body composition (BC) and physical function in healthy adults >80 y, potentially hampering development of reference values. We aimed to study 1) BC and physical function and 2) changes in hand-grip strength over a 4-year period in a community dwelling elderly Swedish population.

    Methods: Apparently healthy, community-dwelling men (n=51) and women (n=51) aged >83y were measured by Sit to Stand-test, hand grip strength, body height, body weight and BC using a Bioimpedance Spectroscopy (Impedimed). The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg as an addition to Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone (T176-12).

    Results: Mean age 86.5 y, no age difference between sexes. Men and women performed equally well at the Sit to Stand-test. Men were significantly stronger with a mean HGS of 34.1 kg compared to women of 19.5 kg. 15 % had a BMI below 22 kg/m2. According to skeletal muscle index (SMI) 64 % were assessed as having severe sarcopenia (Cruz-Jentoft et al 2010).

    Conclusion: In this healthy elderly population BC and physical function was well preserved compared to previous studies, although many were classified as sarcopenic according to current cut-offs. Results from this study can be used as reference values for healthy community-dwelling elderly in high age.

  • 36.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.
    Experience of dietary assessment and validation from three Swedish studies in the elderly2009In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, ISSN 0954-3007, E-ISSN 1476-5640, Vol. 63 Suppl 1, p. S64-S68Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The elderly are a growing part of the population. The objectives have been to describe the dietary assessment methods undertaken, and to evaluate the different validation methods and their performance in free-living elderly populations.

    SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were from three studies, the Johanneberg, H70 and Nordic Research on Ageing (NORA) studies undertaken in Sweden. The mean age across these studies ranged from 70 to 80 years, and cohort size ranged from n=173 to a total of 1360 in the four cohorts of the H70 geriatric population study. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used in Johanneberg and a diet history (DH) in H70 and NORA. Validation was undertaken using a 4-day food record (FR), four 24-h urinary nitrogen (UN) collections and energy intake/basal metabolic rate (EI/BMR) cutoffs in Johanneberg, EI/BMR cutoffs, total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated by heart rate monitoring, activity diary and doubly labelled water in H70, and EI/BMR cutoffs in NORA.

    RESULTS: The FFQ provided higher intakes of EI and nutrients vs FR, confirmed by UN for protein. Compared with EI/BMR cutoffs, overestimation of EI was moderate. DH showed that slight underestimation vs heart rate was in accordance with activity diary, but compared with doubly labelled water, DH underestimated EI by 12%. In NORA, EI/BMR was high compared with EI/BMR cutoffs. Validation methods detected under- and over-reporting. EI and nutrient intake were in accordance with recommendations.

    CONCLUSIONS: Elderly up to their 80s can perform well in dietary studies. However, people over the age of 80 years may tend to report food habits from earlier in life.

  • 37.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet.
    Nutrition and physical function2014Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 38.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    et al.
    Göteborgs universitet.
    Bosaeus, I G
    Steen, B C
    Energy expenditure at age 73 and 78: a five year follow-up2003In: Acta Diabetologica, ISSN 0940-5429, E-ISSN 1432-5233, Vol. 40, p. S134-S138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is limited knowledge concerning the energy turnover and energy requirements of the elderly. The aim of this study was to measure resting metabolic rate (RMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE), and to define activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in 11 78-year-old individuals. A further aim was to compare these measures with the same measures taken from the 11 subjects at age 73 years. Total body water (TBW) averaged 30.8 kg (SD 3.2) at age 73 and 28.8 kg (SD 3.5) at age 78 years (p<0.01). RMR was measured with a ventilated-hood system and averaged 5.60 MJ/day (SD 0.66) at age 73 and 4.77 MJ/day (SD 0.32) at 78 years (p<0.001). TEE, measured using the doubly labeled water method, averaged 9.64 MJ/day (SD 1.10) at age 73 and 8.30 MJ/day (SD 1.45) at 78 years (p<0.05). AEE averaged 4.04 MJ/day (SD 0.44) at age 73 and 3.53 MJ/day (1.13) at 78 years (ns). PAL averaged 1.74 at both ages. TBW, TEE, and RMR decreased, whereas AEE and PAL did not change substantially during the 5-year follow-up. The PAL values indicated a physically active lifestyle for the age group.

  • 39.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Mat, måltid, hälsa i 24-timmarsperspektivet. Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Praktisk-estetiska ämnen. Kristianstad University, Resrarch environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL).
    Dahlin-Ivanoff, Synneve
    Lindblad, Amanda
    Bosaeus, Ingvar
    Body composition and hand grip strength in healthy community-dwelling older adults in sweden2015In: Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice, ISSN 2273-421X, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 54-58Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Longevity increases worldwide but there are few studies on body composition and hand grip strength inpopulations over 80 years. Given high prevalence of chronic disease and functional disability in octogenarians, it may be difficult todistinguish effects of ageing from those imposed by disease. The European Consensus definition of sarcopenia recommends usingboth low muscle mass and function for diagnosis.

    Objectives: Examine body composition and hand grip strength in a selected groupof community-dwelling older adults with high level of functional independence. In addition, longitudinal changes in handgripstrength were examined using previously collected data.

    Design: Cross-sectional body composition and hand grip strength witha four year retrospective analysis on previously assessed hand grip strength.

    Setting: Measurements were conducted by homevisits.

    Participants: 102 community-dwelling 83-96 year-olds, 50 % women.

    Measurements: Hand grip strength was registered bya dynamometer and body composition analysis using bioimpedance spectroscopy.

    Results: According to European Consensusdefinition, only 6/102 had normal muscle mass - no men, although 78 % of men and 40 % of women had normal muscle strength.Since previously collected data four years earlier, men had lost strength (p<0.001), while women had not (p=0.202).

    Conclusions: Subject characteristics and health status support well-preserved body energy, protein stores and muscle strength. Low musclemass was much more prevalent than low muscle strength. Results may give an indication of what constitutes a healthy bodycomposition in oldest old and could serve as a starting point for reference values on healthy body composition in octogenarians.

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    BODY COMPOSITION AND HAND GRIP STRENGTH IN HEALTHY COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN SWEDEN A.
  • 40.
    Schmidt, Manuela
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society. Lund University.
    Ekstrand, Joakim
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Business, Avdelningen för ekonomi. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education.
    Bengtsson-Tops, Anita
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap.
    Self-reported needs for care, support and treatment of persons who frequently visit psychiatric emergency rooms in Sweden2018In: Issues in Mental Health Nursing, ISSN 0161-2840, E-ISSN 1096-4673, Vol. 39, no 9, p. 738-745Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    AIM: To investigate self-reported needs for care, support and treatment among persons who frequently visit psychiatric emergency rooms (PERs).

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using an interview-based manual. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis, whereas quantitative data were analysed using descriptive, non-parametric statistical tests.

    RESULTS: Persons who frequently visit PERs self-reported unmet needs for care, support and treatment in life domains such as health, socialisation, daytime activities, and emotional and financial security.

    CONCLUSION: To meet the needs of persons who frequently visit PERs, close cooperation between concerned welfare actors should be implemented.

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  • 41.
    Schmidt, Manuela
    et al.
    Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health. Kristianstad University, Faculty of Health Science, Avdelningen för sjuksköterskeutbildningarna och integrerad hälsovetenskap. Lund University.
    Hansson, Erika
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Education, Avdelningen för psykologi.
    Doctoral students' well-being: a literature review2018In: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, ISSN 1748-2623, E-ISSN 1748-2631, Vol. 13, no 1Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    PURPOSE: Doctoral student well-being is an important matter that shapes the well-being of academics throughout their careers. Given that well-being has been found to be closely related to employee productivity and efficiency, strategies associated with maintaining well-being during PhD studies might be crucial for higher education, its outcomes and-just as importantly-for a balanced life of PhD students.  Method: Based on 17 studies, this literature review critically assesses the literature on doctoral student well-being.  Results: Theoretical models, concepts of well-being, and methods applied are discussed, as are the results of the articles. The reviewed studies are then discussed based on a SWOT analysis addressing the strengths and weaknesses of the reviewed research as well as the identified opportunities and threats, which can be used as a basis for future research. Based on the review findings and the SWOT analysis, a multidimensional view of the well-being of doctoral students is proposed.  Conclusions: The study proposes a more student-centred approach to meeting doctoral students' needs, and the enhancement of doctoral student well-being in order, as a long-term goal, to improve academics' well-being and productivity.Doctoral student well-being is an important matter that shapes the well-being of academics throughout their careers. Given that well-being has been found to be closely related to employee productivity and efficiency, strategies associated with maintaining well-being during PhD studies might be crucial for higher education, its outcomes and-just as importantly-for a balanced life of PhD students. Based on 17 studies, this literature review critically assesses the literature on doctoral student well-being. Theoretical models, concepts of well-being, and methods applied are discussed, as are the results of the articles. The reviewed studies are then discussed based on a SWOT analysis addressing the strengths and weaknesses of the reviewed research as well as the identified opportunities and threats, which can be used as a basis for future research. Based on the review findings and the SWOT analysis, a multidimensional view of the well-being of doctoral students is proposed. The study proposes a more student-centred approach to meeting doctoral students' needs, and the enhancement of doctoral student well-being in order, as a long-term goal, to improve academics' well-being and productivity.

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  • 42.
    Stenzelius, Karin
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Westergren, Albert
    Lund University.
    Mattiasson, Anders
    Lund University.
    Rahm Hallberg, Ingalill
    Lund University.
    Older women and men with urinary symptoms2006In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print), ISSN 0167-4943, E-ISSN 1872-6976, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 249-265Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim was to compare urinary symptoms and their influence on daily life among elderly (75+) women and men in a sample that previously had reported difficulties controlling urine (urine incontinence (UI)) and/or other urinary symptoms (OU). A further aim was to find underlying structures of urinary symptoms and to identify symptomsthat had an impact on seeking medical help and need of help in daily activities (dependency). In total, 771persons (352menand419women) over75 years answered a questionnaire, addressed to those (n = 1881) who in a previous population-based study had reported having symptoms of UIand/orOUusing theBristolFemaleLower UrinaryTractSymptoms(BF-LUTS) questionnaire and International Continence Society male (ICSmale) questionnaire. The groups with UI, OU, women and men reported similar symptoms of frequency, day and night, as well as influence on social life, and avoidance of places and situations due to the urinary symptoms although they differed in storage and voiding symptoms. Feeling incomplete emptying of bladder differed between the UI, OU, and mixed symptoms (MS) groups but not between genders. Of the whole sample, 43.3% had sought medical help.Factoranalysis of similarquestions inBF-LUTSandICSmalequestionnaire resulted inthe factors labeled voiding, storage, pain, frequency, and daily life. Predictors of the urinary symptoms for needing help in daily activities were frequent micturition day and night (OR 3.2) when aged was controlled for. Influence on daily life(OR2.5), storage symptoms(OR2.2), and pain symptoms(OR2.1)predicted seeking medical help. The results show that urinary symptoms are equally bothersome among men and women. There is a need to encourage elderly to seek medical help and to obtain treatment or alleviations for symptoms that give most bother and indicate dependency, such as frequent micturition day and night and difficulties to reach the toilet in time without leakage.

  • 43. Tognon, Gianluca
    et al.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg.
    Eiben, Gabriele
    Sundh, Valter
    Winkvist, Anna
    Lissner, Lauren
    Does the Mediterranean diet predict longevity in the elderly?: A Swedish perspective2011In: Age (Omaha), ISSN 0161-9152, E-ISSN 1574-4647, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 439-450Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dietary pattern analysis represents a useful improvement in the investigation of diet and health relationships. Particularly, the Mediterranean diet pattern has been associated with reduced mortality risk in several studies involving both younger and elderly population groups. In this research, relationships between dietary macronutrient composition, as well as the Mediterranean diet, and total mortality were assessed in 1,037 seventy-year-old subjects (540 females) information. Diet macronutrient composition was not associated with mortality, while a refined version of the modified Mediterranean diet index showed a significant inverse association (HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.89; 0.98). As expected, inactive subjects, smokers and those with a higher waist circumference had a higher mortality, while a reduced risk characterized married and more educated people. Sensitivity analyses (which confirmed our results) consisted of: exclusion of one food group at a time in the Mediterranean diet index, exclusion of early deaths, censoring at fixed follow-up time, adjusting for activities of daily living and main cardiovascular risk factors including weight/waist circumference changes at follow up. In conclusion, we can reasonably state that a higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern, especially by consuming wholegrain cereals, foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a limited amount of alcohol, predicts increased longevity in the elderly.

  • 44.
    Trinks, Anna
    et al.
    Jönköping University.
    Hägglin, Catharina
    Gothenburg University.
    Dennis, Nordvall
    Gothenburg University.
    Rothenberg, Elisabet
    Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Research Environment Food and Meals in Everyday Life (MEAL). Kristianstad University, Faculty of Natural Science, Avdelningen för mat- och måltidsvetenskap.
    Wijk, Helle
    Gothenburg University.
    The impact of a national quality register in the analysis of risks and adverse events among older adults in nursing homes and hospital wards: a Swedish senior Alertsurvey2018In: Safety in Health, ISSN 2056-5917, Vol. 4, no 10Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: The proportion of elderly in the population in Sweden is increasing. Older adults are more vulnerable to disease and disability which in turn increases the prevalence of negative events as pressure ulcers, malnutrition,falls, and oral health problems.

    Methods: By using Senior Alert (SA), a quality registry for care prevention, analyze data concerning risks and adverse events and show the potential of the register for quality improvement and research in nursing homes and hospitals.

    Results: There are differences in the prevalence of pressure ulcers and weight loss in nursing homes compared to hospitals, explained by different risk scores in the assessment tools used as well as differences in the populations with regard to age and days to follow-up. Falls are more prevalent in nursing homes. Fall prevalence decreases more with higher pressure ulcer risk due to factors such as degree of mobility; the fall prevalence decreases for even higher pressure ulcer risk.

    Conclusions: The team around the older person needs a more inter-professional profile including healthcare such as physiotherapists, occupational therapists, dietitians, and dental health professionals.

    Trial registration: The study is an observational retrospective register-based study, using data from SA during 2015

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  • 45.
    Westergren, Albert
    Kristianstad University, Research Environment PRO-CARE, Patient Reported Outcomes - Clinical Assessment Research and Education. Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society, Avdelningen för Sjuksköterskeutbildningarna. Kristianstad University, Research Platform for Collaboration for Health.
    Eating difficulties and nutrition after stroke2015Conference paper (Other academic)
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