Background: Eating disorders are a growing public health concern which requires more attention and research to increase the understanding and prevention of eating disorders. This paper focuses on eating disorders and its relation to the joy of food. It is very important to find joy for food when suffering from an eating disorder to achieve a healthier life and healthier thinking around food and the body. This paper has examined possible methods that can be used for treating people with eating disorders to enjoy food. The study was conducted at Capio Anorexia Center in Malmö, a daycare clinic for eating disorders, and the study was focused on how the staff works to help patients find joy for food during treatment, and how they work to express food in a positive way to their patients.

Methods: Literature studies were carried out before and after the study at Capio Anorexia Center. Qualitative half structured interviews were also carried out with two of the staff at Capio Anorexia Center, and with a dietitian and an anonymous person who has suffered from an eating disorder and received treatment. Three of the interviews were conducted with sound recording and the other one was conducted via email. Each interview lasted about 45 minutes. The interviews were compiled by first writing of the recorded interviews and then the answers for each interview were categorized to relevant fields. An analysis and comparison of these interviews to various literatures like books, reports, scientific papers and internet sources related to enjoying food and eating disorders were also carried out.

Results: Eleven methods were found that may be useful to find joy for food both in treatment and outside of treatment for those who need support: daring, educational meals, eating regularly, varied and plan meals, cook and serve appealing meals, mindfulness and mindfulness eating, eating environment and social importance when eating, nutritional therapy, the “sapere-method”, eating slow and relaxed, the use of vodcast during meals and to keep out myths, dieting and beauty ideals.

Conclusions: Eleven possible methods that may be useful to find joy for food have been found. This by preliminary studies with literature, a study at Capio Anorexia Center and interviews, and also by analyzing and comparing the interviews with literature related to eating disorders and enjoying food. The eleven methods described may be useful when regaining joy for food and a healthier thinking when it comes to food and meal situations. An important step in recovering from an eating disorder is to find pleasure when eating; therefore these methods can be possible tools to help people with eating disorders to find the joy for food. However, to reach a healthy life free from an eating disorder these methods described in this paper has to be combined with a variety of other therapies, because it is also important to work with self-esteem, self-confidence, and other symptoms and problems of the eating disorder.

Inledning: Tandvården möter både barn och vuxna asylsökande som har omfattande tandvårdsbehov. I Sverige har asylsökande rätt till akut sjukvård och tandvård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka munhygienvanor och kostvanor hos nyanlända asylsökande som var arabisktalande från Irak och Syrien. Metod: Metoden var en kvantitativ empirisk studie som utfördes med en enkät. Undersökningsgruppen var nyanlända asylsökande. Enkäterna delades ut på ett asylboende samt på ett migrationsverk. Resultat: Resultatet baseras på 105 besvarade enkäter där deltagarna kom från Irak (35%) och Syrien (65%). Majoriteten av studiedeltagarna (84%) borstade tänderna minst 1 gång per dag och använde fluortandkräm (87%). Det var 56% som inte använde något mellanrumshjälpmedel för att rengöra mellan tänderna och det var 64% som inte använde extra fluortillskott. Gällande kostvanor visade sig att 59% av deltagarna åt 1–3 måltider per dag och 40% åt 4–6 gånger per dag. Mer än hälften åt frukost dagligen, 90% åt lunch dagligen och 43% åt middag dagligen. Det var 33% som konsumerade läsk 1–2 gånger dagligen Slutsats: Nyanlända asylsökande hade bristfälliga tandborstvanor då de flesta borstade endast en gång per dag och att många inte använde approximala hjälpmedel. Även kostvanorna var bristfälliga då många åt för få huvudmål. Information om munhygien och kostvanor behöver förbättras till gruppen.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate oral impacts on daily performance and to relate these data to oral clinical variables.

Material and methods: The study was performed at a dental clinic in Livingstone, Zambia, and included 78 subjects (mean age 28, range 15–48 years) consecutively recruited in connection witha dental care visit. Data were collected through a structured interview using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) index measuring oral health-related quality of life followed by a clinical examination.

Results: Oral health affected one or more daily performances during the last 6 months for 61.5% of the subjects. ‘Difficulty of eating and enjoying food’ was the performance reported most frequently (42.3%), and ‘speaking and pronouncing clearly’ was least often reported (10.3%). DMFT was 3.8, 3.6 (mean  SD; range0–15). A majority of the individuals had periodontal pockets ≥4mm (mean 4.3, 2.6) (94.9%) and gingival bleeding on probing >20%(88.5%). Two or more decayed teeth were shown to be significantly associated (OR 4.6, CI 1.2–17.1) with one or more oral impacts on daily performances in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions: This study shown that there is a significant association between decayed teeth and oral impacts on daily performances. More research is needed, however, for deeper understanding of oral health problems and their impacts on daily life in Zambia.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att kartlägga behandlingsmetoder för dental erosion. Den metod som användes var en litteratursökning vilken gjordes under mars månad 2018, i databasen PuBMed. Litteraturstudiens resultat sammanställdes utifrån 19 artiklar. Ämnen och metoder för behandling av dentala erosioner var Kaseinfosfopeptid - amorft kalciumfosfat (CPP - ACP), fluor, Polyvinylmetyletermalein syra (PVM/MA) syra, Er:YAG och CO2 laser, samt Euclea natalensis växt. Olika variabler såsom emaljförlust, dentinförlust, ythårdhetsförändring, remineraliseringsgrad och storlek på dentinkanaler mättes för att värdera effekten av utläkning vid dental erosion. I fyra av fem studier som testade kaseinfosfopeptid-amorft kalciumfosfat (CPP-ACP) i form av tuggummi eller tandkräm sågs en signifikant effekt på dental erosion. Fluor och fluor i olika kombinationer och formula såsom gel/lack, tandkräm och munskölj hade också en positiv effekt på dental erosion. PVM/MA syran gav en god effekt på dental erosion då alla öppnade dentinkanaler var stängda efter användning. Däremot visade behandling med Er:YAG och CO2 laser samt Euclea natalensis ingen stor effekt. Slutsatsen är att användning av CPP-ACP,  fluor och fluor i kombination med andra  ämnen  samt PVM/MA syra har goda effekter vid behandling av dental erosion

Background: Regular physical activity is a resource for health and can reduce the risk of several conditions caused by ageing and physical inactivity. A large part of the seniors in the community do not live up to the daily physical activity directions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate internal and external motivational forces regarding seniors ́, over 60 years of age, engagement in physical exercise from self-determination theory (SDT). Method: The study adopted a qualitative approach, including 11 individual semi structured interviews. The participants attended a group based physical exercise program once a week. Results: The result showed that seniors ́ motivation for physical exercise was a mix between both internal and external motivational forces. The internal motivation manifests as wellbeing, enjoyment and social inclusion. The external motivation includes the voilition to stay well, to retain the mobility and also the accessibility and costs regarding the physical activity. Conclusion: From a public health perspective the study can provide useful information when developing interventions promoting seniors ́ physical, pshycological and social health. 

The interest around healthy food seems to be larger than ever. Daily we receive different advice from experts, bloggers, authority and friends who tell us what we should eat to achieve good health. The advice is often different depending who the sender is. This could lead to a confused image of health and what dietary advice you as a consumer should follow.

The aim of this study is to examine young women’s view of what characterizes a healthy diet. The purpose is to obtain a deeper understanding around different perceptions regarding the relation between food and health.

This study includes a qualitative method and focus groups. The data has been analyzed through Belasco’s theory about the culinary triangle of contradictions.

The results show that healthy food is a balance between for example the enjoyable and the forbidden. The women have a subjective perception of what they consider healthy and the concept is therefore characterized by an individual interpretation. Furthermore healthy food is seen as something that is homemade. The results also show that healthy food is a pressure. For example the informants are experiencing demands to perform and anxiety regarding eating in a particular way. The women receive their information from different sources, but depend mostly on their own assessments. Factors that have an impact on the choice of food for the young women are mainly linked to identity and responsibility for the environment and their own health.

Based on this study conclusions can be drawn that healthy food is perceived individually different. What is seen as healthy varies between individuals. To achieve balance and well being young women create their own picture of health. Based on public advice and advice from family and friends, women form a personal view of healthy food, which is seen as most reliable. It can thus be seen as a challenge for authorities to reach out to the public with evidence based advices regarding health and food. 

Background:Persons living with a mental illness often have to put up with a financial disadvantage. Their ability to work is often limited and because of that they have to rely on the welfare reform to get an income. This income is often low compared to other citizens which by itself is something strongly associated with mental illness. Purpose: The purpose in this study was to describe how people living with a mental illness experience that their economic situation has an impact on their daily life. Method: This study is a literature review containing nine scientific articles from previous research. Findings: The study’s findings show that people living with mental illness find it hard to meet basic needs, and that their money is not enough to last a whole month. They feel limited in their daily life, for example their lack of money has a big impact on their spare time. It also makes contact with families and friends harder to maintain. They also felt that they had to put up with things not worthy a human being. Conclusion: The people living with mental illness struggle to fit in to society, but are constantly reminded that they are different.

Barn behöver sova för att må bra. Samtidigt finns många faktorer som kan störa sömnen. Läkemedelsverkets dokument ”Sömnstörningar hos barn” kartlägger ungas sömnbehov, och ger också handfasta tips till barnfamiljer som drabbats av sömnproblem. 

Cancerrehabilitering ska vara en integrerad del av svensk cancervård och alla patienter med cancer och deras närstående ska få möjlighet till rehabiliteringsinsatser utifrån sina individuella behov. Försäkringskassans uppdrag är att besluta om och betala ut en stor del av de förmåner som ingår i socialförsäkringen. För att förbättra bemötandet av sjukskrivna personer med cancer, utsågs två handläggare på Försäkringskassan att inrikta sig på sjukskrivna personer med cancer. Dessa två handläggare fick extra utbildning i ämnet, och ett samarbete inleddes mellan Försäkringskassan och cancerrehabiliteringsmottagningen på Centralsjukhuset i Kristianstad. Det övergripandesyftet med studien var att undersöka patienters och medarbetares erfarenheter och upplevelser av Försäkringskassans och Cancerrehabiliteringsmottagningens insatser. Utvärderingens form har teoretiskt inspirerats av metoder som beskriver vikten av att forskningspersoner görs delaktiga i forskning och utvärdering och därmed bidrar till kunskapsutveckling. Datainsamlingen bestod av enkäter och fokusgruppsintervjuer och både kvantitativa och kvalitativa analyser har använts. Slutsatsen är att patienterna är övervägande nöjda med bemötandet från såväl handläggarna på Försäkringskassan och på Cancerrehabiliteringsmottagningen, men att mer insatser krävs för att nå alla patienter.

Introduction: A good dental health can be defined as the teeth and oral cavity is free from pain and discomfort. Dental health is a part of the general and is related to the quality of life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge in dental health and oral hygiene among 16-19-year-old immigrant-students. The student’s perception of oral health is also assessed.

Materials and methods: This study is quantitative and is conducted with a questionnaire. Data was collected at three high schools in the South of Sweden. Two classes with students with immigrant origins were selected. Out of 90 participated 87 (97 %) were included in the study.

Result: Results showed that the students had a good knowledge in oral hygiene habits. Most of them used a tooth brush and tooth paste twice a day. They also had a good knowledge in dental caries. However, there was a lack of knowledge about fluoride and gingivitis. Most of the students thought that the dental health was of importance.

Conclusion: The participated had good oral hygiene habits. They had good knowledge about dental caries, but not about gingivitis.

Background: Occupational balance is fundamental to occupational therapy and occupational science. Therefore, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) was developed and has previously been found psychometrically valid according to classical test theory. Aim: To investigate the internal construct validity of the OBQ using Rasch measurement theory. Material and methods: Data from two general population samples were used to investigate the psychometric properties of the OBQ according to Rasch measurement theory. Results: The analyses identified problems with the current response scale and multidimensionality of two items. As a result, a revised version, the OBQ11, was suggested and exhibited response categories that worked properly, good reliability (0.92), model fit and measurement invariance across age and gender groups. The hierarchical item ordering was in agreement with previous research. Conclusion: The new OBQ11 satisfies the measurement criteria defined by the Rasch model. However, further studies of additional samples are needed to validate its generic properties. Significance: The purpose of the OBQ11 is to measure occupational balance of individuals or groups, and to identify aspects of occupational balance in need of improvement. Our observations suggest that the OBQ11 is a valid and promising complement to other instruments.

This study explored the lived experience of everyday life of persons aged 50 + with ADHD. ADHD is mostly seemed affecting children and young adults, but ADHD persists in adulthood and affects everyday life of people even in older ages. To explore the experiences of the participants, individual interviews were made. A phenomenological-hermeneutical method inspired by Paul Ricoeur was chosen for the interpretation of the text. Two themes revealed after the structural analysis: 1) being different and trying to handle my inner self; managing feelings of being different, disorganized and forgetful, developing strategies to handle the difficulties of being different, having to control impulses and energy and 2) trying to adapt to fit in with people around me; struggling to adapt in social relationships, dealing with work life and economy. The comprehensive understanding was interpreted as Being different but striving to seem normal. This study illuminates the need of Integrative health science, covering several fields of science and giving focus on cooperation and teamwork with different professions.

I studien Barn i Barnahus har ingått flera delstudier. I denna rapport redovisas två av dessa delstudier. De behandlar hur barns psykiska och fysiska hälsa utreds när barn misstänks vara utsatta för misshandel eller sexuella övergrepp. I den ena studien genomförd av Therése Saksø har barns sjukvårdssökande undersökts genom journalstudier (n=128). Studien visar att barn i Barnahus oftare har sökt sjukhusvård och BUP än andra barn. Av de barn som läkarundersöktes i samband med besöket på Barnahus (5,5 %), har ingen följts upp av sjukvården under de efterföljande sex månaderna. Studien har kommit fram till att läkare har bristfällig utbildning om misshandel och övergrepp av barn. Utbildningsinsatser behövs liksom regionala och nationella strukturer för att höja den medicinska kompetensen.Ann-Margreth E. Olsson har intervjuat 32 socialsekreterare samt analyserat 108 sociala utredningar. Samrådsmöten på Barnahuset innebär handledning och konsultation för deltagande socialsekreterare. Läkares inrådan blir styrande. Den kunskap som finns inom hälso- och sjukvården om barn som utreds av socialtjänsten, tas i allt större utsträckning med i de sociala utredningarna. Att barnet förhörts på Barnahus omnämns i utredningarna men inte alltid och mycket sällan något mer. Samtal med barnet har hållit i 75 % av de sociala utredningarna oftast av utredande socialsekreterare. Det kan också ha hållits av behandlare inom nyinsatt familjebehandling. Barnets inställning till vad som kommits fram i utredningen har noterats i 52 % av utredningarna.  Vidare forskning behövs som följer utvecklingen av socialtjänstens utredningar avseende barnets fysiska och psykiska hälsa också satt i relation till barnets sociala situation samt avseende barnets delaktighet när utredningsarbetet kombineras med behandlingsinsatser.

In this paper, we will discuss a study whose concern is to identify and develop areas of food distri­bution by testing a model that allows the practitioners to participate in the exploring of their own stories of everyday practice. The fundamental reason for engaging the practitioners in the research was to facilitate them in obtaining tools to reflect on practice and to inform about future actions. Our in­tention was to use PAR as the approach as to building a bridge between theory and practice for which the SDM proved to be suitable for gaining and analysing data. Some of the links between the PAR approach and the SDM are that both consist of continuous cycles of reflection and learning. The stories should be used as a powerful vehicle to discover new knowledge and to deepen the under­standing of professional practice issues. Reflection and story telling are closely related to the proces­sing of information and gaining new insights from experiences. To take stories from practitioners’ own experience is similar to that of the ‘look phase’ of PAR, which implies that what is happening is described and thus clarifies the core problem of what the practitioners would like to change. The ‘think phase’ of PAR, and the structured dialogue in the SDM, involves detailed de­scriptions, explanations and the exploring of the issues that are aggregated and focused on in the structured dialogue around questions such as: What can we do to move on; what actions could be taken; what happens if nothing is done; and what are the possible effects. Actual stories were used as “triggers” when probing questions were asked in a dialogical and structured form. The process involves the combination of having a dialogue and writing memo notes. The dialogue on various strategies, in­clu­ding weaknesses and strengths, continues until each action and the expected benefits of a chosen action have been adequately discus­sed. The dialogue has a constant focus on what is of greatest im­por­tance for a chosen action from an ethical, legal, economic, colla­borative and organisational point of view. Furthermore, the dialogue evaluation emphasises on how participants reflect on what the expected change is, how change comes about, and what the consequences of the change imply. Our conclusion is that the PAR approach and the use of SDM are suitable and systematic methods to generate data and to encourage collaboration between various professional groups, i.e. an active participation through dialogue where there are no restrictions in the communication and everybody’s voice is heard equally. In this study, as to critically reflect on how the SDM embodies a participatory and an ‘action’ oriented approach implies that, as a platform, an actual, real, case from practice was used. Chosen jointly and in agreement by the practitioners, the case should always be one with which all can be familiar and treat as their own. The starting point was our perception that the practitioners are the experts in their particular everyday work, and that they are able to identify problems them­selves, which would be resolvable through actions and changes in the daily routines. Another benefit of involving the practitioners was how their motivation to make changes to a particular problem they had deemed important to resolve increased. The systemic issues, which were identified in the study, call attention to the importance of systematic collaboration, and by using the SDM, issues that concern the organisation and its practice directly may be explored. This cyclical process provided an expanded understanding about the food distribution context. In addition, the dialogue has developed over time from focusing on formal aspects, such as routines, competence levels, responsibility and how to fill in forms, to include more organisational aspects. The practitioners felt that structured dialogues and ref­lecting gave them a better understanding about the food distribution context. The reciprocal relations that were rendered in the non-restrictive communication – down-up and up-down in PAR – were identified as important. Another important insight was that support from the parent organisation was necessary when actions were to be taken and changes in practice were to be made. In closing, the study stems from our shared deep engagement and absorption in practice and together we saw how stories unfolded. It became clear that a greater understanding of and by the various professional groups would have to be obtained in order to achieve changes in the practice of food distribution to elderly persons for which such understanding is a necessary starting point.

Denna uppsats beskriver eventuell problematik kring tonårsgraviditeter. I Sverige finns det cirka 200 ungdomsmottagningar, och den första öppnades 1970. I Sverige visar statistiken från 1970-2012 att tonårsgraviditeter har minskat men abortstatistiken har däremot. Syftet med studien är att beskriva eventuell problematik kring tonårsgraviditeter ␣ utifrån personalens perspektiv och erfarenheter på en ungdomsmottagning. Studien var kvalitativ och sju individer intervjuades, varav fem stycken var barnmorskor och två av dem kuratorer. Materialet analyserades sedan med inspiration från en kvalitativ innehållsanalys till tre kategorier, vilka är ␣ det inkonsekventa användandet av preventivmedel, problematiken kring ambivalens och relationen till partnern. Det inkonsekventa användandet av preventivmedel grundar sig i okunskap och nonchalans bland tonårsflickor. Ambivalensen uppstår i valet av att behålla graviditeten eller inte, och sista kategorin, relationen till partnern grundar sig i betydelsen av stöd och delaktighet i valet av att behålla eller avbryta graviditeten. Vår konklusion är att det förebyggande arbetet av tonårsgraviditeter måste öka och ungdomsmottagningar kan starta grupper där tonåringarna får träffa andra tonåringar i samma situation, och diskutera graviditeter. För att det förebyggande arbetet ska bli framgångsrikt, måste vi ha ett helhetsperspektiv gentemot tonårsflickorna och behandla varje individ som ett enskilt fall.

The aim of this study was to explore how female PhD students experience and perceive their well-being. Focus groups were conducted with female PhD students employed at a Swedish university. The study was performed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach based on the concept of the lifeworld, used as both a philosophical perspective and a methodology. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: being true to oneself, being in the sphere of influence, and performing a balancing act. By unfolding these themes, the study shows that perceptions and experiences of well-being in female PhD students are a multifaceted phenomenon and materialize through interaction of different aspects of ‘‘self ’’ (agent) and ‘‘others’’ (structure). As well as illustrating these perceptions and experiences, the study also presents female PhD students’ conceptualization of their well-being, expressed in terms of a white-water rafting metaphor.

År 2011 startade Stöd- och serviceenheten i Kristianstads kommun projektet Medarbetare i fokus (MIF) för att arbeta med värdegrund och kompetensutveckling. Projektet utvärderades av extern utvärderare från Högskolan Kristianstad. Utvärderingens syfte var att följa projektet genom lärande utvärdering med fokus på process och resultat samt att ge återkoppling för lärande, anpassning och utveckling. Såväl kvantitativa som kvalitativa metoder användes för att utvärdera projektet. Resultatet visade att medarbetare hade under hela projektets gång hade positiva upplevelser av hälsa, arbete, balans i vardagen och kundrelationen. Projektet drevs av en engagerad ledningsgrupp vars arbete präglades av långsiktigt tänkande och fokus på hållbarhet. För att genomföra projektet utbildades processtöd och internutbildare. Medarbetarna upplevde kompetensutvecklingen som positiv, men en del hade svårt att se koppling mellan kompetensutveckling och dagligt arbete. Värdegrundsarbetet präglades av samarbete mellan processtöd och enhetschefer som skapade diskussioner gällande värdegrund på enhetens arbetsplatser. De upplevde ofta sitt arbete som positivt men också svårt på grund av kontextuella faktorer. Slutsatserna blev att en engagerad projektledning var en förutsättning för projektets framgång och för att på sikt kunna främja en hälsoskapande arbetsplats. Utbildningarnas innehåll utgick från medarbetarnas önskemål och upplevda behov vilket främjade delaktighet och engagemang från medarbetarna. Vissa svårigheter att direkt omsätta innehållet i projektets utbildningar till praktik framkom vilket skapade svårigheter i att direkt nå implementering och förändring i det dagliga, praktiska arbetet med kunderna. Internutbildare skapade förutsättningar för en lärande organisation och hållbar utveckling då kunskap kan fortsätta utvecklas i organisationen även efter projekttiden. Stöd och långsiktighet behövdes för att nå längre på sikt och för att tankar skulle kunna omsättas till praktiska handlingar. Goda upplevelser av hälsa, arbete, balans i vardagen och kundrelation skapade förutsättningar för att på sikt nå en hälsoskapande och lärande organisation.

Introduction: The study explored cultural diversity in nursing teams and the internal and external conditions under which cultural differencesrepresent an asset or a liability for these teams.

Methods: A qualitative design with content analysis was employed. In total, 18 interviews were conducted with nurses and assistant nurseswith experience of working in culturally diverse teams in three distinct clinical settings.

Results: Three domains emerged in the study analysis: triggers, team process and contingencies. Each one encompassed a number of themesrelated to culturally diverse nursing team processes, triggers of team processes and context-specific contingencies, which represent the complexityof culturally diverse nursing team functioning.

Discussion/implications: The study suggests how cultural differences in nursing teams can be managed and further explored from within theteam and by individuals leading those teams, taking into account the disablers and enablers of their functioning.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva munstatus, nutritionsstatus, kognitionstatus, antal läkemedel, ålder, kön och boendeform hos äldre patienter vid inskrivning på en ortopedavdelning i Kristianstad. Studien utfördes som en tvärsnittstudie, med data inhämtad från en då pågående studie på Kristianstads Centralsjukhus.Resultatet påvisade en bristande munhygien hos deltagarna. Studiens slutsats är att det finns en utbredd munhälsoproblematik hos en grupp inom den äldre befolkningen och att fortsatt forskning krävs för att identifiera orsakssamband och utveckla ett hälsofrämjande arbetssätt.

The workplace is an arena where there are good opportunities to work health promotive. In the elderly care, there are both challenges and opportunities when it comes to changing the work situation and thereby improve the employees’ health. To facilitate this work, the workplace can take the help of external partners, such as the occupational health service. The purpose of this study was to find out how the employees of the elderly care in a municipality in southern Sweden perceive the cooperation between their workplace and the occupational health service when it comes to working health promotive. The data collection method used in this study was questionnaires distributed to all 345 of the permanently employed. The response rate was 49 percent. The results showed that the employees perceived that the cooperation between managers and the occupational health service was good, but that it was non-existent between themselves and the occupational health service. The staff has the opinion that the cooperation can be developed through better communication and information. The conclusion of this study is that managers should clarify the occupational health service´s role in the health promotive work. Through effective communication and good methods of spreading information, the cooperation between managers, employees and the occupational health service can be improved.