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Skolsköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder vid vaccinering
Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society.
Kristianstad University, School of Health and Society.
2014 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesisAlternative title
The schoolnurse ́s nursing interventions at immunization (English)
Abstract [sv]

Bakgrund: Skolbarn kan utsättas för onödig smärta vid vaccinering vilket kan leda till ofullständigt vaccinationsskydd samt minskat förtroende för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. I Sverige vaccineras barn i skolålder av skolsköterskan. Vaccinationer är den vanligaste orsaken till procedursmärta hos barn. Syfte: Att beskriva skolsköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska smärta och oro vid vaccinering. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie baserad på 14 artiklar som kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Resultat: Avledning som omvårdnadsintervention är av betydelse vid vaccinering av skolbarn. Enligt litteraturstudiens resultat innebär avledning information/undervisning, medverkan, träning, miljöanpassning, specifik omvårdnad samt olika former av stöd och läkemedelshantering. Diskussion: Avledning utifrån resultatet är delvis överförbart till liknande situationer som till exempel venprovtagning. Trots att stöd finns för omvårdnadsåtgärd vid vaccinering saknas implementering för det. Slutsats: Skolsköterskan behöver identifiera barns behov och utifrån det välja omvårdnadsintervention. Skolsköterskan ska värna om en god kommunikation samt förtroendefull relation med barn. Vaccinationen kan då genomföras med minskad smärta och oro för barn.

Abstract [en]

Background: Schoolchildren may be exposed to unnecessary pain during immunization which might lead to incomplete vaccination protection and reduced confidence in healthcare professionals. In Sweden school aged children are vaccinated by the school nurse. Immunization is considered the most common reason for iatrogenic pain in children. Aim: To describe the school nurse’s interventions to reduce pain and anxiety. Methods: The study was conducted as a general literature review based on 14 articles which were quality examined and analysed. Results: Distraction as nursing intervention is of significance in immunization of schoolchildren. According to the result of the literature review distraction includes information/training, involvement, practice, environment adjustment, specific nursing, different form of support and medication. Discussion: Accordingto the result distractionis partly transmittable to similar situations such as venous sampling. Despite supporting evidence that distracting reduces pain and anxiety the interventions are not incorporated. Conclusion:The school nurse should identify the child’s needs and based on this select nursing intervention. The school nurse has to advocate good communication and trustful relation with the child. Immunization can then be conducted with decreased pain and anxiety.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2014. , p. 24
Keywords [en]
immunization, school children, pain, anxiety, school nurse, nursing, distraction
Keywords [sv]
vaccinering, skolbarn, smärta, oro, skolsköterska, omvårdnad, avledning
National Category
Nursing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13303OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hkr-13303DiVA, id: diva2:772255
Subject / course
Miscellaneous
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2014-12-18 Created: 2014-12-16 Last updated: 2014-12-18Bibliographically approved

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CiteExportLink to record
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