The aim of the study is to describe the ways in which contrast of critical aspects of the object of learning is used to improve children’s ways of discerning the concept twice as found by analysing a learning study process in Swedish preschool. By that, the attempt is to contribute to an expanded understanding of application of learning study and variation theory in preschool educational practice. One researcher, five preschool teachers and 44 preschool children (6 year olds) participated in the project. The empirical material consists of verbatim transcriptions of three video documented interventions and 132 individual test forms (pre-, post- and delayed post-test). The preschool learning study process analysed in this study has been built up by a joint reflection on the use of contrast of critical aspects related to the intended object of learning. The study suggests that a developed use of contrast of critical aspects of the object of learning seem to have bearing on children’s ways of discerning aspects of their surrounding world short- as well as long term. Main principles found seemingly emerging the children’s ways of discerning the intended object of learning is discussed in terms of separation, contrast and generalisation. However, the study indicates the need of additional complementary learning study projects to further expand the knowledge of what it means and entails to take critical aspects of the intended object of learning into account when dealing with content focus in preschool educational practice.