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Characteristics of potentially pathogenic vibrios from subtropical Mozambique compared with isolates from tropical India and boreal Sweden
Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap.
Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8059-0156
Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap.
Department of Biological Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
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2013 (English)In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology, ISSN 0168-6496, E-ISSN 1574-6941, Vol. 83, no 2, p. 255-264Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reported outbreaks of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have increased worldwide, particularly in regions of high seafood consumption. In Mozambique, seafood constitutes an important food resource and diarrheal diseases are common among its inhabitants. Edible clams were collected in Maputo Bay during both the dry and rainy seasons, with the results showing the number of viable counts of vibrios in clams to peak during the latter. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was the predominant species identified among the isolated strains. Although only one of 109 total strains carried the tdh virulence gene, 69% of isolates showed evidence of hemolytic capacity when subjected to a functional test. Similar virulence patterns and biochemical properties were found in strains isolated from Indian and Swedish marine waters. Antibiotic resistance was, however, more pronounced in strains isolated from these latter two environments.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 83, no 2, p. 255-264
Keywords [en]
Vibrio spp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, qPCR, probe hybridization, TCBS-agar, persistence in clams, PhenePlate system, antibiotic resistance, hemolysis
National Category
Microbiology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9610DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01471.xISI: 000313252600001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hkr-9610DiVA, id: diva2:546131
Available from: 2012-08-22 Created: 2012-08-22 Last updated: 2020-02-28Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Characterization and persistence of potential human pathogenic vibrios in aquatic environments
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Characterization and persistence of potential human pathogenic vibrios in aquatic environments
2012 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Vibrio spp., natural inhabitants of aquatic environments, are one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world, being spread to humans via the ingestion of seafood, contaminated drinking water or exposure to seawater. The majority of Vibrio spp. are avirulent, but certain strains may sporadically be human pathogenic. Vibrio cholerae may cause cholera and fatal wound infections, Vibrio parahaemolyticus may cause gastroenteritis and Vibrio vulnificus may cause wound infections and sepsis. To expand current knowledge of the occurrence, ecological niche and persistence of potential human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in aquatic environments, occurrence and laboratory studies were performed. The seasonal variation of Vibrio spp. in clams and mussels from Mozambique and Sweden were studied, with isolated strains characterized and compared with those isolated from water samples collected in India. Results showed that the numbers of Vibrio spp. in Mozambican clams peaked during the warmer rainy season and that the dominating species was V. parahaemolyticus. Biochemical fingerprinting and virulence screened by PCR revealed a high similarity among strains from the different aquatic environments. However, isolate functional hemolytic analyses and antibiotic resistance patterns differed between strains; Swedish and Indian strains were less sensitive to the tested antibiotics and had a lower hemolytic capacity than those from Mozambique. Molecular analysis of bacterial DNA from Swedish mussels showed the presence of the three Vibrio spp. most commonly linked with human illness, as well as their associated virulence genes. The strains isolated from marine and clinical environments were equally and highly harmful to the tested eukaryotic cells. The persistence of clinical V. cholerae in aquatic environments was investigated in vivo. Strains were exposed to mussels, with bacterial uptake and elimination then examined. The mussels were able to avoid the most potent strain by complete closure of shells. The less potent strain was accumulated in mussel tissue in low levels and one marine control strain to a higher degree. Mussels eliminated the pathogenic strain less efficiently than they did the marine strain. One clinical and one marine strain were then exposed to 4°C for 21 days, with the temperature then increased to 20°C. The clinical strain was more prone to lose culturability than the marine strain at 4°C, the former performed significantly better in regaining culturability after the temperature up-shift. Subsequently, the persistence of the clinical strain in natural bottom sediment, incubating as above, was studied and results showed a similar decrease in culturable numbers in the sediment as in the water. As the clinical V. cholerae strains did not carry any of the standard set of virulence genes, the ability to change from non-culturable to culturable may be of great importance to strain pathogenicity. The results also show that natural bottom sediment may be a potential reservoir of human pathogenic Vibrio spp.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Kristianstad: Kristianstad University, 2012
Keywords
Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Mozambique, Sweden, molluscs, occurrence, persistence, sediment, TCBS, PCR, PhP, antibiotic resistance
National Category
Microbiology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9789 (URN)978-­‐91-­‐628-­‐8482-­‐6 (ISBN)
Available from: 2012-10-17 Created: 2012-10-17Bibliographically approved
2. Perspectives on urban wastewater as a source of microbial pollution
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Perspectives on urban wastewater as a source of microbial pollution
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Wastewater treatment plants are important links for dissemination of intestinal bacteria into surface waters. In this study, twelve mallards were exposed to treated wastewater for a period of 55 days. Faecal samples were collected and analysed for Enterococcus spp. and C. jejuni. In general, the mallard and wastewater enterococci isolates belonged to different phenotypes, although some strains were identical. Phenotypical characteristics of C. jejuni, including antibiotic resistance, and genetical (PFGE and MLST) patterns were compared. All STs have previously been found in both humans and wild birds. The phenotypical expression of resistance against ampicillin and cefazolin, and ability to assimilate malate and succinate, changed during the mallards exposure to wastewater. Edible clams were collected in Maputo Bay during both the dry and rainy seasons, and number of viable counts of V. parahaemolyticus peaked during the rainy season. A high percentage showed haemolytic capacity but did not carry the standard set of virulence genes. The persistence of E. faecium and E. faecalis strains in sterilized treated wastewater at 10°C and 20°C was evaluated, including if ciprofloxacin had any effect. We could conclude that E. faecalis had a lower DC10 (92 and 43 days) than E. faecium (333 and 68 days) at 10°C and 20°C, respectively. Most of the strains were unaffected of ciprofloxacin was, but there were exceptions. All strains remained culturable the whole studied period (108 days).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet, 2020. p. 45
Keywords
Wastewater, Mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, E. faecium, E. faecalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio parahaemolyticus
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20449 (URN)9789178337705 (ISBN)
Supervisors
Available from: 2020-02-28 Created: 2020-02-28 Last updated: 2020-02-28Bibliographically approved

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Collin, BettyRehnstam-Holm, Ann-SofiEhn Börjesson, Stina-MinaHernroth, Bodil

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