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Hatching in dabbling ducks and emergence in chironomids: a case of predator-prey synchrony?
Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment. (Akvatisk biologi och kemi)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2868-2210
Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment. (Akvatisk biologi och kemi)
Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki.
Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Joensuu Game and Fisheries Research.
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2009 (English)In: Hydrobiologia, ISSN 0018-8158, E-ISSN 1573-5117, Vol. 636, no 1, p. 319-329Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

It has been hypothesized that dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) time breeding to coincide with annual regional peaks in emerging dipterans, especially Chironomidae, which are important prey for newly hatched ducklings. However, this hypothesis has never been evaluated in a replicated lake-level study, including year effects in emergence patterns. We collected duck and invertebrate data from 12 lakes during the nesting seasons 1989-1994 in a watershed in southern Finland. The oligotrophic study lakes are typical of the boreal Holarctic, as are the three focal duck species: mallard Anas platyrhynchos L., widgeon Anas penelope L and teal Anas crecca L. Hatching of ducklings showed a clear peak in relation to ambient phenology (annual ice-out date of lakes), whereas chironomid emergence was more erratic and showed no clear peak at the lake level, although total watershed-level emergence was somewhat higher before and long after the duck hatching peak. Thus, we find no evidence that ducklings hatch in synchrony with abundance peaks of emerging chironomids. There was large within-year temporal variation in chironomid emergence among lakes, but this was not correlated with ambient temperature. The rank of individual lakes with respect to the abundance of emerging chironomids was consistent among as well as within years, a predictability that ought to make adaptive lake choice by ducks possible. On the lake level, there was a positive correlation between the total amount of emerging chironomids and brood use. We argue that emergence patterns of chironomids on typical boreal lakes are neither compressed nor predictable enough to be a major selective force on the timing of egg-laying and hatching in dabbling ducks. Despite spatial (among-lake) patterns of abundance of emerging chironomids being predictable within and among years, the observed pattern of brood use suggests that other factors, e.g. habitat structure, also affect lake choice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2009. Vol. 636, no 1, p. 319-329
Keywords [en]
Teal, Mallard, Widgeon, Reproductive timing, Food peak, GOLDENEYE BUCEPHALA-CLANGULA, MALLARD DUCKLINGS, ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS, ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER, SEASONAL EMERGENCE, FEEDING-BEHAVIOR, COMMON, GOLDENEYE, FOOD LIMITATION, BROOD SIZE, SURVIVAL
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-5377DOI: 10.1007/s10750-009-9962-yISI: 000272029700027ISBN: 0018-8158 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hkr-5377DiVA, id: diva2:279892
Available from: 2009-12-07 Created: 2009-12-07 Last updated: 2017-12-12Bibliographically approved

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Dessborn, LisaElmberg, Johan

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