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The status of the Nordic populations of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in a changing world
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University.
Kristianstad University, School of Education and Environment, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap. Kristianstad University, Forskningsmiljön Man and Biosphere Health (MABH).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1212-6607
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University.
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University.
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2013 (English)In: Ornis Fennica, ISSN 0030-5685, Vol. 90, no 1, p. 2-15Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) are importantmigratory quarry species, protected as a shared resource under international legislation. However, there is a lack of sufficient high-quality data on vital demographic rates and long-term trends in numbers to judge the conservation status of many duck populations at the flyway level. In response to reported declines in the North-West European flyway population of theMallard, we compiled available data on this species in the Nordic countries up to 2010. Generally, national breeding numbers showed increasing trends, wintering abundance showed variable trends, and productivitymeasures indicated stable or increasing trends.Major knowledge gaps were identified, namely the size of hunting bags, the influence of the released Mallards and the role of short-stopping in explaining changing patterns of wintering abundance across the North-West European flyway. Numerically the Nordic breeding population appears in “good condition”, and the wintering numbers have been either stable or increasing in the last two decades. The annual number of releases needs to be determined in order to judge the sustainability of the current levels of exploitation. Overall, none of the indicators showed alarming signs for the Mallard population in the Nordic countries when considered in isolation. However, the widespread decline in wintering numbers elsewhere across North-western Europe requires urgent pan-European action.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2013. Vol. 90, no 1, p. 2-15
National Category
Zoology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10140ISI: 000317947800002OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hkr-10140DiVA, id: diva2:603144
Available from: 2013-02-05 Created: 2013-02-05 Last updated: 2019-04-09Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Large-scale releases of native species: the mallard as a predictive model system
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large-scale releases of native species: the mallard as a predictive model system
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Human alteration of natural systems, and its consequences are of great concern and the impact on global ecosystems is one of the biggest threats that biodiversity stands before. Translocations of invasive species, as well as intraspecific contingents with non-native genotypes, whether they are deliberate or unintentional, are one such alteration and its consequences are continuously being assessed. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world and a flagship in wetland conservation. It is also an important game species which is heavily restocked for hunting purposes, especially in Europe where over three million ducklings are released every year. Because of its hunted status, its abundance, and the number of released individuals, it can serve as a model species to study effects of releases, both for conservation and restocking for hunting, on wild populations. In this thesis the status of the mallard was assessed in the Nordic countries and the effects of releases on the wild populations were studied by mining historical ringing data, comparing morphology of present-day wild, farmed, and historical mallards, and analyzing phylogeography of wild and farmed mallards in Europe. The status of the mallard population in the Nordic countries are generally good, however, a joint effort of European countries is needed to monitor and manage the population. A significant difference between wild and farmed mallards concerning longevity, migration, bill morphology and genetic structure was also found, together with signs of cryptic introgression of farmed genotypes in the wild population with potential fitness reduction as a result. The effect is however limited by that only a fraction of released farmed mallards reach the breeding season due to low survival. A natural captive environment is crucial to keep individuals wild-like with high survival rates after release. However, with an introgression of potentially maladapted farmed genotypes leading to a reduction in fitness, a low survival of released mallards would favor the wild population. A legislative change regarding obligation to report numbers, provenance, and release sites of farmed mallard should be considered, together with practical solutions of ringing and genetic monitoring of released mallards.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 2015
Series
Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae, ISSN 1652-6880 ; 2015:25
National Category
Zoology Fish and Wildlife Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13751 (URN)978-91-576-8248-2 (ISBN)978-91-576-8249-9 (ISBN)
Available from: 2015-03-30 Created: 2015-03-30 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
2. Large-scale releases of native species: the mallard as a predictive model system
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Large-scale releases of native species: the mallard as a predictive model system
2015 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Human alteration of natural systems, and its consequences are of great concern and the impact on global ecosystems is one of the biggest threats that biodiversity stands before. Translocations of invasive species, as well as intraspecific contingents with non-native genotypes, whether they are deliberate or unintentional, are one such alteration and its consequences are continuously being assessed. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread duck in the world and a flagship in wetland conservation. It is also an important game species which is heavily restocked for hunting purposes, especially in Europe where over three million ducklings are released every year. Because of its hunted status, its abundance, and the number of released individuals, it can serve as a model species to study effects of releases, both for conservation and restocking for hunting, on wild populations. In this thesis the status of the mallard was assessed in the Nordic countries and the effects of releases on the wild populations were studied by mining historical ringing data, comparing morphology of present-day wild, farmed, and historical mallards, and analyzing phylogeography of wild and farmed mallards in Europe. The status of the mallard population in the Nordic countries are generally good, however, a joint effort of European countries is needed to monitor and manage the population. A significant difference between wild and farmed mallards concerning longevity, migration, bill morphology and genetic structure was also found, together with signs of cryptic introgression of farmed genotypes in the wild population with potential fitness reduction as a result. The effect is however limited by that only a fraction of released farmed mallards reach the breeding season due to low survival. A natural captive environment is crucial to keep individuals wild-like with high survival rates after release. However, with an introgression of potentially maladapted farmed genotypes leading to a reduction in fitness, a low survival of released mallards would favor the wild population. A legislative change regarding obligation to report numbers, provenance, and release sites of farmed mallard should be considered, together with practical solutions of ringing and genetic monitoring of released mallards.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Umeå: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 2015. p. 55
Keywords
Anas platyrhynchos, Farmed, Hunting, Introgression, Longevity, Mallard, Migration, Morphology, Population genetic, Restocking, SNPs, Sweden
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19214 (URN)978-91-576-8248-2 (ISBN)
Available from: 2019-04-09 Created: 2019-04-09 Last updated: 2019-04-09Bibliographically approved

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