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Publications (10 of 12) Show all publications
Sapir, Y., Carling, G. & van Epps, B. (2021). Gender assignment in six North Scandinavian languages: Patterns of variation and change. Journal Of Germanic Linguistics, 33(3), 264-315, Article ID PII S1470542720000173.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gender assignment in six North Scandinavian languages: Patterns of variation and change
2021 (English)In: Journal Of Germanic Linguistics, ISSN 1470-5427, E-ISSN 1475-3014, Vol. 33, no 3, p. 264-315, article id PII S1470542720000173Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study addresses gender assignment in six North Scandinavian varieties with a three-gender system: Old Norse, Norwegian (Nynorsk), Old Swedish, Nysvenska, Jamtlandic, and Elfdalian. Focusing on gender variation and change, we investigate the role of various factors in gender change. Using the contemporary Swedish varieties Jamtlandic and Elfdalian as a basis, we compare gender assignment in other North Scandinavian languages, tracing the evolution back to Old Norse. The data consist of 1,300 concepts from all six languages coded for cognacy, gender, and morphological and semantic variation. Our statistical analysis shows that the most important factors in gender change are the Old Norse weak/strong inflection, Old Norse gender, animate/inanimate distinction, word frequency, and loan status. From Old Norse to modern languages, phonological assignment principles tend to weaken, due to the general loss of word-final endings. Feminine words are more susceptible to changing gender, and the tendency to lose the feminine is noticeable even in the varieties in our study upholding the three-gender system. Further, frequency is significantly correlated with unstable gender. In semantics, only the animate/inanimate distinction significantly predicts gender assignment and stability. In general, our study confirms the decay of the feminine gender in the Scandinavian branch of Germanic.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021
Keywords
Gender Assignment, Elfdalian, Jamtlandic, Swedish dialects, Germanic languages, North Scandinavian, historical linguistics, language change, typology
National Category
Specific Languages General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21818 (URN)10.1017/S1470542720000173 (DOI)000678157600004 ()
Available from: 2021-04-21 Created: 2021-04-21 Last updated: 2021-08-09Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. (2021). Språkforskare: Regeringen bör erkänna älvdalska. Stockholm
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Språkforskare: Regeringen bör erkänna älvdalska
2021 (Swedish)Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

Regeringen bör snarast följa Europarådets uppmaning och erkänna älvdalska som landsdels- eller minoritetsspråk. Det skulle förbättra möjligheterna att bevara älvdalskan. Det skriver fjorton språkvetare i en debattartikel.

Place, publisher, year, pages
Stockholm: , 2021
Keywords
älvdalska, erkännande, regeringen, landsdelsspråk, minoritetsspråk, Europarådets konvention
National Category
Humanities and the Arts
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21868 (URN)
Available from: 2021-05-04 Created: 2021-05-04 Last updated: 2021-05-07Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. (2020). På dzöfft vattn lyfter tre dalmål över Västerdalälven. Stockholm
Open this publication in new window or tab >>På dzöfft vattn lyfter tre dalmål över Västerdalälven
2020 (Swedish)Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Place, publisher, year, pages
Stockholm: , 2020
Keywords
dalmål; malungsmål; revy; populärkultur
National Category
Humanities and the Arts
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21253 (URN)
Available from: 2020-10-04 Created: 2020-10-04 Last updated: 2020-10-06Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. (2020). Sveriges samiska språk: Revitalisering, utmaningar och möjliga lösningar. Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv, 143, 1-50
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sveriges samiska språk: Revitalisering, utmaningar och möjliga lösningar
2020 (Swedish)In: Svenska landsmål och svenskt folkliv, ISSN 0347-1837, Vol. 143, p. 1-50Article in journal (Refereed) In press
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Uppsala: , 2020
Keywords
Sami languages, minority languages, endangered languages, samiska språk, minoritetsspråk, hotade språk, samiske språk, minoritetsspråk, truede språk
National Category
Languages and Literature
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21817 (URN)
Available from: 2021-04-21 Created: 2021-04-21 Last updated: 2021-11-30Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. & Nyström, G. (2018). Ymsę um övdalskų: en introduktion till det älvdalska språket och dess struktur (1ed.). Älvdalen: Ulum Dalska
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ymsę um övdalskų: en introduktion till det älvdalska språket och dess struktur
2018 (Swedish)Book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Abstract [sv]

Boken förser läsaren med en bakgrund om älvdalskan, dess status och sociolingivstiska förhållanden. Vidare introducerar den älvdalskans fonetik, fonologi, ortografi och böjningslära och sätter älvdalskan i ett större nordiskt sammanhang. Slutligen tar den upp diverse ämnen inom älvdalskan.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Älvdalen: Ulum Dalska, 2018. p. 65 Edition: 1
Keywords
Elfdalian, älvdalska, älvdalsmål
National Category
Humanities and the Arts
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18756 (URN)978-91-984940-0-6 (ISBN)
Available from: 2018-10-09 Created: 2018-10-09 Last updated: 2018-10-09Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. (2017). The revitalization of Elfdalian. In: Nicholas Ostler, Vera Ferreira and Chris Moseley (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21st FEL Conference: Communities in Control:Learning tools and strategies for multilingualendangered language communities. Paper presented at FEL XXI 19 – 21 October 2017, Portugal (pp. 50-57).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The revitalization of Elfdalian
2017 (English)In: Proceedings of the 21st FEL Conference: Communities in Control:Learning tools and strategies for multilingualendangered language communities / [ed] Nicholas Ostler, Vera Ferreira and Chris Moseley, 2017, p. 50-57Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This article depicts the process of language revitalization of the endangered Elfdalian language spoken in Sweden. Having witnessed a language decline, Ulum Dalska was founded in 1984 with the ambition to revitalize Elfdalian. In 2004, these efforts were boosted due to the joining of the academia and the Municipality of Älvdalen to the revitalization process. Still not recognized as an official language in Sweden, in 2016, Elfdalian acquired an ISO language code and was introduced into the school system. Elfdalian was further empowered by publications in and about the language, as well as a standard orthography, and can thus be seen as both an abstand and an ausbau language. Whether these factors will be sufficient to reverse the language shift and to grant Elfdalian.

National Category
Other Humanities not elsewhere specified
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18182 (URN)
Conference
FEL XXI 19 – 21 October 2017, Portugal
Available from: 2018-05-31 Created: 2018-05-31 Last updated: 2018-05-31Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. & Nyström, G. (2015). Introduktion till älvdalska (2ed.). Kristianstad
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Introduktion till älvdalska
2015 (Swedish)Book (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Sommaren 2005 hölls första akademiska kursen i älvdalska någonsin. Kursen hölls i Älvdalen i Uppsala universitets regi. Det föreliggande kompendiet författades våren 2005 av Gunnar Nyström och Yair Sapir i brist på lämpliga läromedel på en akademisk nivå. Verket användes även i vuxenkursen i älvdalska i Älvdalen sommaren 2006. Till kompendiet spelades även in en audio-CD där Gunnar Nyström läste upp större delen av kompendiets texter. Med anledning av Trið råðstemną um övdalskų (Tredje konferensen om älvdalska), som hålls vid Köpenhamn universitet 2015, och ett ständigt ökande intresse för älvdalskan, bestämde sig författarna för att digitalisera kompendiet och audiofilerna och göra dessa tillgängliga för allmänheten. Förutom dialoger, prosatexter, gloslistor, grammatikkommentarer och övningar innehåller kompendiet även en introduktion till den älvdalska standardortografin, som togs fram 2005 av Råðdjärum, älvdalska språkrådet. Grammatikbilagan har inte digitaliserats. Istället hänvisar författarna till Bengt Åkerbergs Älvdalsk grammatik (2012). Om man vill orientera sig kring lexikala frågor rekommenderas Lars Steenslands Material till älvdalsk ordbok (2010).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Kristianstad: , 2015. p. 80 Edition: 2
Keywords
Älvdalska, språk, ordlista, grammatik, Ulum Dalska
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13841 (URN)
Available from: 2015-04-24 Created: 2015-04-24 Last updated: 2018-01-11Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. & Zuckermann, G. (2008). Icelandic: Phonosemantic matching. In: Judith Rosenhouse, Rotem Kowner (Ed.), Globally speaking: motives for adopting English vocabulary in other languages (pp. 19-43). Cleveland: Multilingual Matters
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Icelandic: Phonosemantic matching
2008 (English)In: Globally speaking: motives for adopting English vocabulary in other languages / [ed] Judith Rosenhouse, Rotem Kowner, Cleveland: Multilingual Matters , 2008, p. 19-43Chapter in book (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cleveland: Multilingual Matters, 2008
Series
Multilingual matters ; 140
Keywords
phonosemantics, Icelandic, typology, word-formation
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13317 (URN)1847690513 (ISBN)
Note

Icelandic is one of the most puristically oriented among living languages.This chapter analyses an important but hitherto neglected method ofIcelandic word-formation. It introduces the term ‘phono-semanticmatching’ (henceforth PSM) to describe the technique whereby aforeignism is reproduced in the target language, using preexistent nativeelements that are similar to the foreignism both in meaning and in sound.

PSM occurs in two key language groups: (1) puristically orientedlanguages, in which language-planners attempt to hinder undesirableforeignisms from entering the lexis or to get rid of existing foreignisms, e.g.Finnish, Icelandic, Israeli Hebrew (‘Israeli’) and Revolutionized Turkish;and (2) languages using ‘phono-logographic’ script e.g. Chinese andJapanese (to the extent that Kanji are used). Such multisourcedneologization is an ideal means of lexical enrichment because it concealsforeign influence from the native speakers, ensuring lexicographicacceptability of the coinage, recycles obsolete autochthonous roots andwords (a delight for purists) and aids initial learning among contemporarylearners and speakers.

Linguists have not systematically studied such camouflaged hybridity. Traditional classifications of borrowing ignore it altogether, and categorizeborrowing into either substitution or importation (of the foreign element). However, as the present chapter demonstrates, PSM is a distinctphenomenon, which operates through simultaneous substitution andimportation. Its recognition carries important implications not only forlexicology and comparative historical linguistics, but also forsociolinguistics and cultural studies.

The present chapter focuses on the following Icelandic PSMs: beygla, bifra – bifrari, brokkál, dapurdapurleiki - depurð, eyðni, fjárfesta - fjárfesting, heila, guðspjall, ímynd, júgurð, korréttur, Létt og laggott, musl, pallborðpallborðsumræður, páfagaukur, ratsjá, setur, staða, staðallstaðla -stöðlun, togatogari, tækni, uppi and veira.

Available from: 2014-12-20 Created: 2014-12-20 Last updated: 2020-09-14Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. (2007). Bedrohte sprachen in Europa: Älvdalisch. GBS-Bulletin - Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für bedrohte Sprachen (13), 15-21
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bedrohte sprachen in Europa: Älvdalisch
2007 (German)In: GBS-Bulletin - Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für bedrohte Sprachen, no 13, p. 15-21Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Keywords
Älvdalisch, bedrohte Sprachen, Älvdalen
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13318 (URN)
Available from: 2014-12-20 Created: 2014-12-20 Last updated: 2020-09-11Bibliographically approved
Sapir, Y. (2006). Elfdalian, the vernacular of Övdaln. In: : . Paper presented at Fuost konferensn um övdalskų.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Elfdalian, the vernacular of Övdaln
2006 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Keywords
Elfdalian, Nordic
National Category
General Language Studies and Linguistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13314 (URN)
Conference
Fuost konferensn um övdalskų
Available from: 2014-12-18 Created: 2014-12-18 Last updated: 2020-09-14Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5517-6287

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